1. Power of negative thinking
M.S. Avidan, T.S. Wildes 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 3-5 (January 2015)
DOI: /bja/aeu263
Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
A statistical argument suggesting that much of published positive research is false. This figure illustrates how a high proportion of positive findings could be false-positive findings. The conclusion is based on the assumption that only a low number of hypotheses (e.g. 10%) are true. Of the 100 true hypotheses, about 80 would be detected as positive based on 80% power of the study design. In addition, ∼45 of the 900 false hypotheses would be incorrectly detected as positive based on a P-value threshold of 5%. If these assumptions were correct, it would also follow that very few negative findings would be likely to be false-negative results. With reference to the figure, only 2.3% [20/(855+20)] of the negative findings would be false negatives. Modified from17, with permission from Alex Tabarrok.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , 3-5DOI: ( /bja/aeu263)
Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions