1. DKO animals exhibit abnormal voiding pattern.
DKO animals exhibit abnormal voiding pattern. A: Original cystometric recordings in control (CTR) and DKO mice at the age of 12 and 20 weeks (w). Arrowheads reflect abnormal bladder contractions not associated with urination. Evaluation of urodynamic parameters: frequency of voiding contractions (VC) (B), frequency of nonvoiding contractions (NVC) (C), amplitude of the detrusor contraction during voiding (Pdetmax) (D), and voided volumes (E) (n = 6 for DKO; n = 5 for CTR). F: Representative spontaneous micturition pattern of unrestrained animals. G: Micturition volume. H: The frequency of smaller volume voids (<10 μL). The slope of the calibration curve (cm2)/volume (μL) was 0.14 (1 cm2 of area corresponds to 7.14 μL volume; n = 6 mice for each group). Data are representative of at least three different experiments and are expressed as the means ± SEM, by unpaired Student t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < compared with age-matched control group.
Zongwei Wang et al. Diabetes 2012;61:
©2012 by American Diabetes Association