1. Analyzing a Text Rhetorically

2. Definition of a “Text”
A set of symbols that communicates or means something. A text can be read and interpreted.
From the Latin root, texere, meaning “to weave”

7. Significant Texts in our Lives – Can be Analyzed
Religious texts
Political texts
Legal texts
News articles
Advertisements
Songs
Poetry
Photography
Personal experiences
Dreams
Historical documents
Academic articles
Memories
Speeches
Films
Books
Video games
Performances
Bodies
Clothes

8. What does the term “analysis” mean to you?
Textual Analysis
What does the term “analysis” mean to you?

9. Analysis
Breaking something down into its essential parts to understand how and why those parts work together to accomplish something (what + how and why)
Versus “summary” (what)
Importance of structure
Looking at the relationships between the parts
Challenging binary oppositions

10. Step 1: Breaking down into essential parts

11. Step 2: Determining how parts work together

12. Step 3: Determining what is accomplished when parts work together

13. Analysis Involves Interpretation
Analyze: To break something down into its essential parts to determine how those parts work together to accomplish something.
We can all see the same parts of the same text working together in the same way, yet we each see it accomplishing something different.
Or perhaps we all see a text accomplishing the same thing, but see it doing so in different ways.

19. There are no “wrong” or “right” interpretations of a text.
It’s a duck!
It’s a bunny!
But there are supported and unsupported interpretations (quotations).
It’s a tractor!

20. Rhetoric
What does the term “rhetoric” mean to you?

21. Defining “Rhetoric”
The language – both written and visual – that speakers and writers use to communicate or persuade.
The study of that language, human interaction, and communication.

22. Analyzing a Text Rhetorically
Breaking down a text into its essential parts to understand how those parts work together to accomplish something
Rhetorical analysis involves looking at the context, or the rhetorical situation, in which the communication takes place.

23. Parts of a Rhetorical Situation

24. Reading Rhetorically
Reading like a writer – reading the text as a series of choices.
Understanding how the author(s) constructed the text and why the author(s) made certain choices about the text.
Understanding context as well as content.

25. Questions for Rhetorical Analysis
Who is the author/speaker?
What is the purpose of writing? What is the occasion that gives rise to the writing?
Who is the intended audience?
What is the main argument?
What does the nature of the communication reveal about the culture(s) that produced it?

26. Let’s Practice!

30. “Schools of Thought” or Theories
Formalists (symbols)
Gender theorists (gender, sexuality)
Marxist theorists (social class)
Race-based theorists (race)
New Historicism (history)
Post-colonial theorists (nationality, empire)
Psychoanalytical theorists (unconscious)
Disability theorists (disability)
Happiness theorists (happiness)
Rhetoricians (rhetorical situations, language)

31. Different “Schools of Thought” or Theories
Importance of close reading, quoting, and explaining your interpretation of the quotes
Ex. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness” (Declaration).