1. Diversity And Classification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Asterids Michael G. Simpson

5. Asterids Very large, diverse group 10 orders, many families
Putative apomorphies:
iridoid compounds
sympetalous corolla
ovules: unitegmic (one integument), tenuinucellate (megasporangium 1-cell thick)

6. Ovules unitegmic, tenuinucellate

12. Apiaceae (=Umbelliferae) - Carrot family (Apium, used in Pliny for a celery-like plant) genera / 3,540 spp.
The Apiaceae are distinctive in being herbs, with sheathing leaves, (compound or simple. often decompound), the inflorescence usually an involucrate compound umbel [rarely a head, simple umbel, or reduced] with actinomorphic flowers having a 2-carpellate and 2-loculate, inferior ovary, each carpel with one, axile-apical, pendulous ovule, the fruit a schizocarp of mericarps.
K 5 or 0 C 5 [0] A 5 G (2), inferior, hypanthium absent.

13. Economically important members include a number of food, herb, and spice plants, such as Anethum, dill; Apium, celery; Carum, caraway; Coriandrum, coriander; Cuminum, cumin; Daucus, carrot; Foeniculum, fennel; and Petroselinum, parsely; some species are poisonous, such as Conium maculatum, poison-hemlock; others are used as ornamental cultivars.

14. Leaves sheathing

15. Inflorescence an umbel, compound umbel, or head

16. ovary inferior
placentation
apical-axile
stylopodium

17. Fruit a schizocarp of mericarps

18. Araliaceae - Ginseng family (possibly from French Canadian Aralie)
Araliaceae - Ginseng family (possibly from French Canadian Aralie). 47 genera / 1,325 species.
The Araliaceae are distinctive in being mostly tropical trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs with palmate or pinnate (rarely simple, then usually divided) leaves, an inflorescence of heads, umbels, or with umbel units, the flowers with often reduced calyx, apopetalous to sympetalous corolla, and a 1-∞-carpellate inferior ovary with usually apical-axile placentation, the fruit a berry, drupe, or schizocarp.
K C 5 [3-12] A 5-10 [3-∞] G (2-5) [(-∞)], inferior, rarely superior.

23. Asteraceae (Compositae)
Characteristics:
Vegetatively variable.
Inflorescence a head (capitulum): (usu.) many flowers arising from a compound receptacle, subtended by inflorescence bracts: involucral bracts or phyllaries, collectively termed the involucre.
Calyx modified as pappus.
Stamens syngenesious.
K pappus C 5 A (5) G(2), inferior, 1 basal ovule
Fruit an achene.

24. Asteraceae (=Compositae) - Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species.
The Asteraceae are distinctive in being herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees, the inflorescence a head (capitulum) subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, flowers either bilabiate, disk, or ray/ligulate, (heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers), with the calyx, termed a pappus, modified as scales, awns, or capillary bristles (or absent), the androecium syngenesious, and with an inferior ovary with a single, basal ovule, the fruit a multiple of achenes.

25. Asteraceae (=Compositae) - Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species.
Economic importance includes some food plants (e.g., Cynara scolymus, artichoke, and Helianthus annuus, sunflower), a number of ornamental cultivars, and various species used locally or industrially; the prickly fruits of Arctium lappa (burdock) are purported to have been the model for invention of velcro.

26. Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Silversword Maui

27. Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Silversword Maui

28. Asteraceae (=Compositae) - Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species.
K 0-∞ (pappus)
C (5) [(4)] or (3) in some ray flowers
A (5) [(4)]
G (2), inferior, hypanthium absent.

29. Asteraceae: floral variation
Three types of flowers:
1) Bilabiate: zygomorphic (bilateral) with 2 lips
2) Ray (ligulate): zygomorphic (bilateral) with 1 lobe
3) Disk: actinomorphic (radial), usu. 5-lobed

30. Five types of heads: 1) discoid, with only disk flowers;
2) disciform, with central disk flowers and marginal, eligulate female flowers;
3) radiate, with central (bisexual or male) disk flowers and peripheral (female or sterile) ray flowers;
4) ligulate, with all ray flowers (typically with 5-toothed corolla apices);
5) bilabiate, with all bilabiate flowers.

31. Acourtia microcephala
Bilabiate flower
posterior lip
anterior lip
Acourtia microcephala
Trixis californica

34. Ray flowers (heads ligulate = all rays)
ligulate corolla
Rafinesquia neomexicana
Malacothrix californica

35. Disk flower: heads discoid
disk corolla
Chaenactis gabriuscula
Psathyrotes ramosissima
Palafoxia arida

36. Disk flowers: heads disciform. (2 types of disk fls. ,
Disk flowers: heads disciform (2 types of disk fls., same or different heads)
male heads
female heads
Ambrosia chamissonis

37. Heads radiate: inner disk & outer ray fls.
disk flowers
ray flowers
Encelia farinosa
Xylorhiza orcuttii

38. Some heads are "chaffy" ovary disk flower chaff : bracts subtending
flowers
Encelia californica

39. Involucre morphology one whorl two whorls many whorls Senecio vulgaris
Coreopsis maritima
Encelia californica

40. Phyllaries spiny & squarrose
Involucre morphology
Phyllaries spiny
Phyllaries spiny & squarrose
Circium vulgare
Silybum marianum

41. Pappus: modified calyx
beak
capillary bristles, borne atop "beak"
capillary bristles: barbellate
capillary bristles: plumose

42. Pappus: modified calyx