1. Structure and Function of the Flower
CXC Biology Syllabus
Life Processes
Specific Objectives 9.6&9.7
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

2. Section A: Flower Structure
Science Objectives:
Students should be able to
Recognize specified floral parts on most flowers
Relate each part to its function
Distinguish between staminate, pistillate/carpellate and hermaphrodite flowers
Core Skills Objectives:
Co-operation/Group work
Drawing
CXC Practical Skills
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

3. Structure and Function of the Flower Quiz #1
What is the male part of the flower called?
What is the main function of a flower?
What is the function of the carpel?
Give one example of a hermaphrodite flower
Name the flower structures which protect the young flower bud.
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

4. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Use the following to label the flower diagram below:
Style, stamen, sepal, filament, peduncle, ovary, anther, receptacle, carpel, stigma, petal, ovule.
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

5. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
What is a Flower?
Plant organ for sexual reproduction
Flowers produce gametes (sex cells)
Flowers are necessary for fertilisation to occur
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

6. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Flower Diagram
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

7. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Parts of the Flower
Peduncle: flower stalk
Receptacle: part of stalk bearing the floral organs, at base of flower
Sepal:leaflike structures at flower base, protects young flower bud
Calyx: all the sepals together form the calyx
Petal: located inside and above the sepals, often large and colourful, sometimes scented, sometimes producing nectar
Stamen: male part of the flower, consist of the anther and filament, makes pollen grains
Pollen: grains containing the male gametes
Pistil/Carpel: female part of the flower, consist of the stigma, style and ovary
Ovule: located in the ovaries, carry female gametes
Staminate flower: flower bearing only male parts
Pistillate/Carpellate flower: flower bearing only female sex parts
Hermaphrodite flower: flower bearing both male and female sex parts
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

8. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Method
Collect specimens of the following flowers (your guide will show you where and which flowers to collect!)
Pride of Barbados
Hibiscus
Orchid
Flower of choice
Make a labeled drawing of the Pride of Barbados and Hibiscus flowers (use the flower diagram as a guide, include magnification, labels in script)
Dissect the Pride of Barbados flower ( a demonstration will be given)
Make individual drawings of the petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils/carpels
Dissect the pistil/carpel and make a labeled drawing of the ovary and the ovules lying within it
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

9. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Section B Pollination
Science Objectives:
Students should be able to:
Define pollination
State the main ways in which plants achieve pollination
Recognize flower adaptations associated with each mode of pollination
Core Skills targeted
Drawing
Information Technology
CXC Practical Skills
Analysis and Interpretation
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

10. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Mode of Pollination
Insect-pollinated flowers may have:
Brightly coloured petals
Strong sweet fragrance
Nectar producing glands
Guidelines to lead insects to Nectar
Wind-pollinated flowers may have:
Large stigmas outside the flower
Little or no fragrance
Light non-sticky pollen
Lack showy petals
Bird-pollinated flowers may have:
Long tube shaped flowers
Bright red and yellow flowers
No odour
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

11. Mode of Pollination (Continued)
Mammal-pollinated flowers may have:
White flowers
Strong fruity odour
Flowers opening at night
Water-pollinated flowers may have:
Pollen which floats on water
(this form of pollination is rare)
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

12. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Method
Research and define the following terms in the Iris Bannochie library and on the Internet
Pollination
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
2. Note the ways in which pollination may occur
3. Identify the various adaptations associated with each form of pollination
4. Collect flower specimens from the gardens and determine their method of pollination through completion of the Mode of Pollination Table
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

13. Mode of Pollination Table
Flower Name
Light non-sticky Pollen
Sticky Pollen
Colourful
Petals
Sweet Scented
Tube Shaped
Mode of Pollination
denotes a positive response
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

14. Assessment Scheme for Drawing
Element
Criteria
Sub-Total
Total
Clarity
Clean continuous lines of even thickness
Any 3=2
No shading or unnecessary detail
2 marks
Reasonable size
Any 2=1
Accuracy
Faithfulness of reproduction 1
Structures typical of specimen included
3 marks
Reasonable proportions
Labeling/
Labeling lines
Neat drawn with a ruler; in pencil; not crossing
No arrowheads; touching labeled structure
Labels in script
Labels accurate
1 mark
Acceptable title
Accurate description of specimen
In caps
Below drawing
Magnification
10 marks
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

15. Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2
Use the following to label the flower diagram below:
Style, stamen, sepal, filament, peduncle, ovary, anther, receptacle, carpel, stigma, petal, ovule.
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

16. Structure and Function of the Flower Quiz #2 Pollination
Write a short definition for the word pollination.
Why is pollination important to plants?
State three ways in which pollination can be achieved.
State a plant adaptation associated with each mode of pollination above
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

17. Analysis and Interpretation of the Pollination Exercise
Background Information/Biological principles (3 marks)
Relationship to Investigation/Observation.
State the significance of pollination
Identify the flower structures which play the key role in pollination
Note how these structures are adapted to their role
Explanation/Interpretations of result (3-4 marks)
Give reasons for interpretation of specified result
Conclusion based on observation/data
Related to Aim (2 marks)
Correct conclusions drawn
Limitations (1-2marks)
Limitations of the results/conclusions stated
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2