1. Flower Structure Objectives:
*State the functions of different parts of a flower
**Describe the structures of insect and wind pollinated flowers
*** Compare the adaptations of flowers and pollens of insect and wind pollinated flowers

2. Nectary

3. Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel
Male organ. Anther is where the pollens Pollen is the male sex cell (gamete).
are made and the filament holds up the anther so the flowers can be pollinated easily
Female organ. Ovary contains the ovule s which has female gametes. Stigma is where the pollen lands, style connects the ovary to the stigma
Bright colour and scent for attracting pollinating agents Many have nectary at base to make nectar for feeding insects.
Protects the flower in bud

4. Insect pollinated
Wind pollinated
Petals
Nectaries
Stamen
Pollen
Carpels
Large brightly coloured and scented to attract insects
Small, green inconspicuous flowers , no scent
Produces sugary nectar to attract insects
No nectary
Anthers inside so insects can rub against them
Anthers hang outside so wind can blow away large quantities of pollen
Sticky, spikey,
Made in large quantity as a lot can get wasted, smooth and light
Feathery long stigma positioned outside the flower which act as nets to catch as much pollen as possible
Sticky short stigma positioned inside the flower for insects to rub against it.

5. Pollination
Objectives: *Define self and cross pollination **Name agents of pollination *** Discuss significance of self and cross pollination

6. Sexual reproduction in flowers
Pollination occurs when pollen grains from the stamen land on the stigma of the carpel
Fertilisation occurs when the male sex cell in the pollen fuses with the female sex cell in the ovule
Sexual reproduction in flowers

7. Sexual reproduction in flowers

8. Self Pollination
Cross Pollination
Advantages
No pollinating insects needed
Plants growing in isolation from others of the same species can still get pollinated
Well adapted to the same environment as their parents
Pollination is more successful
Variation due to exchange of genetic material
Dispersed away from each other leading to no intraspecific competition
Well adapted to change in environment due to variation upon which natural selection can operate
Well suited for evolution
Disadvantages
Very little variation unless there is a mutation which may not be expressed
Very limited chance of evolution
Intraspecific competition
Dependant on pollinating insects
Plants in isolation will not be able to reproduce
Pollination is a question of chance