2. CCUS is the future for circular economy and urban societies
Jannicke Gerner Bjerkås
CCS Director
Fortum Oslo Varme AS
Brussels, 20. June 2019

3. Carbon Capture and Storage – WHAT is it and HOW will we do it?
CO2 is a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming
Carbon capture means removing the CO2 from the flue gas using a thermochemical process (chemical fluid or an absorbent)
The CO2 is compressed to liquid form and sent by ship to an intermediate storage
Then transported via pipeline to permanent storage below seabed (3000m)

4. WHY do we need CCS?
IPCC and Paris agreement states CCS as a crucial technology in order to reach 1,5o target
IEA; at least 6 bill. tonnes CO2 must be captured and stored within 2050 ( new capture projects)
CCS is a safe, proven and effective solution to mitigate climate change
The Norwegian CCS project; permanent storage for industrial CO2 emissions from Europe

5. Carbon Capture in Oslo
Aim to capture ~ tonnes CO2 yearly with over 90 % CO2 removal
CCS at this Waste-to-Energy plant will capture both fossil and biological CO2 (~50% BIO-CCS)
CO2 will be transported by emission-free, cold tank lorries to the local port
Pilot testing of capture on the actual flue gas is in progress
Technology supplier with proven technology experience (Shell Cansolv)

6. We need a waste revolution!
2.2 billion tonnes of waste produced globally yearly, increasing to 4 bill. Tonnes in 2025.
Most of this ends up in landfills, which contributes to large methane emissions and health hazards
No such thing as ZERO waste – we also need to treat waste that cannot or should not be recycled.
WtE most sustainable solution for sorted, residual waste – enables carbon capture from point emissions of CO2.
About 50% of the remaining emissions from WtE are biogenic. WtE+ CCS = carbon-negative solution
2.2 billion tonnes of waste produced globally yearly, increasing to 4 bill. tonnes in 2025
Most of this ends up in landfills, which contributes to large methane emissions and health hazards
We also need to treat waste that cannot, or should not be recycled, in a sustainable way
WtE most sustainable solution for sorted, residual waste, enables CO2 capture from point emissions of CO2
About 50% of the remaining emissions from WtE are biogenic. WtE+ CCS = carbon-negative solution
We need a waste revolution!

7. Global increase in waste amounts – large CCS potential in Europe
100
Million tons landfilled in EU yearly
450 Waste-to-Energy plants in Europe
82 million tons
Energy recovered
in EU yearly
landfills
Landfill directive
1 tonne waste
1 tonne CO2
Financial Times (Jan18)
Illustrasjon: CEWEP

8. Part of the circular economy
Waste to Energy (WtE):
Part of the circular economy
WtE complements recycling; several countries have both high recycling rates and high WtE rate
CCS on WtE is an export possibility for EU when the world moves away from landfills to sorting, recycling and energy recovery of residual waste
CCS on energy recovery from residual waste is the next step towards sustainable waste treatment
Today, CCS is a climate measure and a choice of value/CSR – need for funding or regulations to develop business and technology

9. CCS needs volume to cut costs
Historical examples of cost curves abound!
Li-Io Batteries
Wind turbines
PV panels
And more…
A CO2 capture plant at Klemetsrud will be the most expensive and the biggest - because it’s the first! (in a long row of similar WtE CCS plants ).
Klemetsrud as a starting point for learning, technology development and cost cuts

10. Conclusions
Together with sorting and recycling, we need WtE with CCUS to decarbonize the waste sector
CCUS on WtE is a safe investment due to long term stability on WtE plants, and heat/steam production
CCUS on WtE will give negative CO2-emissions (BECCS/BIOCCS), and can neutralize other emissions that are difficult to reduce/remove
Cities’ climate goals will accelerate CCUS from waste incineration as part of sustainable city solutions