1. Proper Cut Flower Conditioning

2. Clean Buckets Clean all your buckets with bleach (or effective green cleaner) & a scrub brush – to kill bacteria, fungus, etc Rinse well Use plastic or glass containers – not metal – it will corrode & contaminate the water

3. Cut Flower Food Mix the appropriate amount of cut flower food –Improper mixtures can result in not providing enough biocides in relation to sugars Using soda, aspirin or any other homemade mix isnt as effective as cut flower food because it isnt measured out correctly like cut flower food Cut Flower food contains: –Sugars (help provide energy in usable form) –Aging retarders(growth regulators)/color enhancers –Chemicals to quicken absorption of water (wetting agent) –Bacteria killers (biocides = germicide) –Acidifiers to lower pH (this helps with better absorption & less bacterial growth)

4. Water Warm –110 Degrees- like bath water – for most flowers –Warm water helps remove air bubbles, making for easy water flow up the stem (warm water contains less oxygen than cold) –Warm water will also encourage flowers to open quicker –Warm water absorbs faster because warm water molecules move faster Cool – for bulbs (daffodils, tulips) and any other flowers that you dont want to open too quickly Buckets should be filled 6-8 with water

5. Cutting When flowers have been out of water the exposed outer cells dry out, forming a callus, which will not absorb the water –Additionally, air will have entered the stem, bacteria, and other pollutants – preventing water absorption Cut about 1-3 inches off the stem Use a knife or very sharp pruners – if your tool is dull, it will crush the plant cells and they wont absorb Cutting under water will help prevent air bubbles, but can also pollute the stems when the water becomes unclean Cut at an angle to keep the stem from sitting directly on the bottom of the bucket, where debris, etc. will clog the stem (not proven) Cut between the internodes on flowers like carnations

6. Removing packaging & foliage All elastics & plastic should be removed, except for roses and greens. If you keep roses wrapped up they wont blow open as fast. However, you cannot keep them wrapped for more than a few days – they will rot. It is more effective to keep certain greens in plastic rather than in buckets of water All foliage that would be in the water should be removed – it will rot & clog the stems –Be sure to avoid scraping the stems when removing leaves

7. Absorbing Leave flowers out of the cooler for 3-5 hours so they can absorb correctly Put roses in immediately Put bulb flowers in immediately Do not put tropical flowers (bird of paradise) in the cooler – they should be at warmer temperatures (so unless you have a special warmer cooler for them, keep them out) Orchids can go in the cooler. If your flowers are really dehydrated, you can submerge the entire flower after it is cut into a tub of water

8. Floral Coolers Do not keep food, especially fruits, in your floral cooler – these items give off high amounts of ethylene gas which speeds up aging. Dying flowers will do the same so remove them. Coolers should be kept at 38- 40 degrees F, tropical coolers at 55-60 F Relative humidity of 80% Must have a FLORAL cooler – non-floral coolers have one large fan blowing fast air – this dries out petals

9. Change water in buckets You should recut stems and change the water in buckets if possible every 3 days This will extend the vase life of the flower Vase water has bacteria, fungi, yeasts, & mold which block xylem and produce ethylene and toxins

10. Special Notes on Flowers Lillies – remove anthers to prevent staining & pollination which will cause the flower to die quicker Babys Breath – use warmer water to pop buds Bird-of-Paradise – manually open flower heads Calla – only 1 of water to minimize curling of stems Roses – remove outer damaged petals (this will encourage opening as well); only remove thorns that need it – this damages tissue & will cause early death

11. Daffodil – sap is harmful to other flowers when conditioned; keep separate & do not recut stems when designing Gerbera – use a rack in the bucket for support Hydrangea – dip in alum (spice/pickling) Snapdragons & Tulips – store in upright to prevent geotropism Gladiolus – remove top bud to encourage others to open Poinsettias and other flowers that secret latex – burn the end – this opens water conducting while sealing