1. Presentation and Communication
Content:
Model of Communication
How is the structure of a project report?
How to make references
How to structure an analyse of the working process
Illustrations
How to write
Oral presentations
Example from last years P0 seminar
Exercise

2. Model of Communication
Communication is when somebody tries to tell somebody else something one way or the other

3. Planning what to ”send”
What is my point? Message
Why do i want to tell? Purpose
Who is to know? Receiver
How should i tell it? Media
Where and when should it be told? Situation

4. Be aware of disturbances (noise)
Different Languages
What the receiver knows already
Too much information
How to arrange the information
Speed
Tone and body language
Needs and interests
Expectations
Prejudice of sender and subject

5. How is the structure of a project report?
FrontPage – often with a picture/illustration
Title page – with all relevant information
Preface – guidance, acknowledge
Contents – to get an overview of the project
Chapter 1 – remember references :
Chapter n – remember references
Literature
Appendix – what you have accomplished
Enclosure – ”copies” from others

6. How to make references
The Harvard method (Jensen, 2001a:21)
By numbers [2]
Literature is the listed alphabetic (1) or numbered (2). We have to know all possible information's to be able to find the quoted source:
Books: Author(s), year, title, publisher, ISBN or ISSN no.
Journals: As above + name of journal, number and date
Internet: URL and date for downloading
Persons: Name, title, company

7. How to structure an analyse of the working process
Expectations to the P0 period
Start by describing the group’s expectation to the P0 period.
How did you do during the P0 period?
Then describe how the working process was during the P0 period without trying to analyse it.
Analysing the P0 period – what did you learn?
Now you analyse the working process by listing all the good experiences and all the bad experiences.
For all the good experiences you then comment on why they where good and how you will improve in the P1 period.
For all the bad experiences you comment on why it went wrong and how you could “transform” it into a better experience in P1, or if that’s not possible then put it on a list of things you should avoid during the P1 period.

8. Illustrations
A picture can tell more than a thousand words – but only if it is a good illustration of the subject
Some examples

9. How to write Preparation: receiver, message, outline
Brainstorm: 5 min and structuring (e.g.. Post-it)
Go for it (write): 15 min without criticism
Structure what you have written and make headlines
Write again – one headline at a time in arbitrary order
Edit – go for overview and easy to read

10. Oral presentations – getting the massage through
Use the model of communication to consider what to do
Use illustrations but think about the receiver
Make sure you are aware of what your message is
Be sure to mention what is your point(s)
Be aware of your body language
Address the other groups and the supervisors
Make a test of the groups presentation

11. Oral presentations - how to prepare it
Blackboard
write nice and clear
plan the layout
Overhead or PowerPoint:
use big letters
sharp and clear illustrations and figures
not too much information on one slide
don't use copies from the report, make another figure
only one point on each slide

12. Oral presentations - body language
Be aware of your body language – often there is a contradiction between what you say and what your body tells
Some examples

13. What should you tell at the P0-seminar:
The background for your projects (why is it relevant)
Your main problem
Main methods
Main theories (if available)
Strategy for design and implementation
Method for validation
Time schedule
What you have learned about teamwork (the POL course). A good idea would be three lists:
Things we do well
Things we have to avoid
Things we have to improve or do otherwise

14. Exercise
How did you do the writing in your group until now? (individually, 2 or 3 persons together, the whole group together) Discus advantages and disadvantages doing the writing in different ways.
What do you think will be the ideal writing process for your group?
According to this lectures advices about how to write you should try to “plan” how to write one of the chapters of your project report that has not been written yet (identify the purpose and objectives of the chapter and make a list of headwords).