1. Plant Reproduction

2. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Plants that protect their seeds within the body of a fruit.
Make up ¾’s of all plants, including:
Trees, shrubs, herbs,
grasses, water plants…

3. Structure of a Flower 1. Pistil 2. Stigma 3. Style 4. Ovary 5. Stamen
6. Filament
7. Anther
8. Petal
9. Sepal
10. Receptacle
11. Stem

4. Male Reproductive Structure
The stamen consists of two parts: Anther and Filament
The anther is where meiosis occurs to produce haploid pollen
The filament is a stalk that supports the anther

5. Female Reproductive Structure
The pistil consists of the stigma, style and ovary
The sticky stigma receives the pollen from the anther
The pollen grows a tube down through the style
Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce haploid ovules

6. Reproductive Structures
Petals: colourful
structures that attract pollinators.
Sepals: surround and protect the flower bud.

7. Pollination
Wind, insects or other animals transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another
Flowers vary depending on pollination mechanism

8. Pollination Animation

9. Pollination Vectors Wind Pollination: Dull, scentless
flowers with reduced petals
Bees/Butterfly Pollination: Bright
color, nectaries, scent.
They sip nectar, get pollen on coats,
transfer pollen from flower to flower
Bird Pollination: Nectaries, bright
colors, tube-like flowers
Moth Pollination: White petals,
open at night
Fly Pollination:Rank odor, flesh
colored petals

10. Pollen Grain Anther Sac
Pollen grains contain two haploid cells produced through meiosis.
1- The Tube cell – will grow the pollen tube.
2- The Generative cell – will go through mitosis to create two sperm cells.

11. Ovary
Each ovule within an ovary has a micropyle (an opening for the pollen tube).
The ovules’ megasporangium undergo meiosis to produce four haploid cells (3 die leaving 1 megaspore)
The megaspore undergoes mitosis 3 times to produce 8 haploid cells within the embryo sac.

13. Fertilization
After pollen lands on the stigma, a pollen tube grows down through the style to ovary
Generative cell creates the two sperm nuclei
Double fertilization occurs:
one sperm fertilizes the egg
one sperm the two polar nuclei together

14. Result of Double Fertilization
The sperm nucleus and egg nucleus join to form a 2n (diploid) embryo
The other sperm nucleus and the two polar nuclei join to form a 3n (triploid) endosperm. The endosperm is the food supply for the embryo.
First link

15. Seed and Fruit Development
After fertilization, the petals and sepals fall off flower
Ovary “ripens” into a fruit
The ovule develops into a seed

16. Seed Dispersal Mechanisms- Allow plants to colonize new areas and avoid shade of parent plant
Wind Dispersal - Flight mechanisms,
like parachutes, wings, etc.
Ex. Dandelion, maples, birch
Animal Dispersal - Fleshy fruits which
animals eat, drop undigested seeds in
feces or burrs which stick to
animals’ coats

17. Gravity Dispersal - Heavy nuts fall to ground and roll
ex. acorns
Water Dispersal - Plants
near water create floating
fruits
ex. coconuts