1. KEEP: Factors associated with cardiovascular risk in multivariate analysis
Risk factors
Odds ratio
95% CI p
Age >75 (referent: age 46-60)
2.17
<0.0001
Male gender
1.20
0.0004
Urine microalbumin >30 mg/L (referent <10)
1.63
GFR mL/min (referent >90)
1.37
GFR <30 mL/min (referent >90)
1.84
Hemoglobin <12.8 g/dL (referent >14.6)
1.45
African American race (referent: white)
0.83
0.0003
McCullough PA. American College of Cardiology 2005 Scientific Sessions; March 6-9, 2005; Orlando, FL.

2. KEEP: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease among patients at various levels of creatinine clearance (CCr), when microalbuminuria and anemia are also present
End point
CCr <90 mL/min
CCr mL/min
CCr mL/min
CCr <30 mL/min
p for trend
% with CVD
15.8
33.1
57.3
71.2
<0.0001
McCullough PA. American College of Cardiology 2005 Scientific Sessions; March 6-9, 2005; Orlando, FL.