1. Issues to consider with experiments

2. Types of reactivity Hawthorne effects Demand characteristics
Placebo effect

3. Ways to reduce reactivity

4. Experimenter bias
Ways to reduce
Experimenter expectancy effects

5. Types of validity
Internal
External
Construct
Conclusion (Statistical)

6. Which are these? A fire alarm goes off in the middle of your study
You don’t have enough participants to show an effect in your study, according to your power analysis
You want to be able to generalize your results to all Americans
You’re not sure how good your measure of depression really is

7. Within- vs. between- participants designs
Carryover effects
Practice
Fatigue
Contrast
Knowledge of study
Counterbalancing
Each person is their own control, more powerful

8. Other experimental terms
Manipulation check
Pilot study

9. Find the confound
You do a study examining the effects of political orientation on attitudes toward corporal punishment.
You do a study examining age effects (people who are in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s) on intelligence, using a knowledge test as a measure of intelligence.
You do a study of helping behavior. A man or a woman asks for help from people as they come to their cars in a dark parking lot at night.

10. What can you do to get rid of a potential confound?
Make it an IV
Make it a control variable
Control for it statistically