1. Covalent Bonds
When an atom is too big to give away electrons and too small to receive electrons it will share electrons with another atom to fill its outer shell. C

2. Hydrogen only needs one electron so it is willing to share with carbon.

3. Because the shared electrons are
The name covalent comes from
“Co” which means together and
“Valent” which comes from valence
Because the shared electrons are
in both valences C H

4. Thus the only way that carbon reaches
Since carbon still needs three more electrons it will share with other atoms. H H C H H
Thus the only way that carbon reaches
its desired state is by sharing electrons.

5. Which bond is stronger, ionic or covalent?

6. Water Molecule
The water molecule is formed by covalent bonds between an oxygen and two hydrogens. O H

7. Delta Charges
Because oxygen is much larger than the hydrogen the electrons stay around
the oxygen longer, giving it a slight
negative charge. (delta negative= d-)
And the hydrogens have a slight positive charge
(delta positive= d+)
Delta is the term used for change