1. Compensatory advantages of toe walking
D.Casey Kerrigan, MD, Patrick O. Riley, PhD, Shannon Rogan, BS, David T. Burke, MD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 81, Issue 1, Pages (January 2000)
DOI: /S (00)
Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
A simplistic biomechanical model of the foot and ankle during gait. The need for ankle plantarflexor strength is primarily a function of the distance from the ankle joint to the ground reaction force line. (A) The terminal stance phase of normal heel-toe walking when the ankle begins to plantarflex and the distance between the ankle joint and the ground reaction force line is the longest, implying a great need for ankle plantarflexor strength. (B) The same phase during toe walking where the ankle is already plantarflexed. In this case, the distance between the ankle joint and the ground reaction force line is shortened, implying that less peak ankle plantarflexor strength should be required.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 38-44DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Averaged sagittal ankle kinetics for toe walking (—) versus normal walking (- - -). (A) Sagittal plane ankle torque. (B) Sagittal plane ankle power. *Statistically significant differences at p < .05/20 =
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 38-44DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Averaged sagittal knee kinetics for toe walking (—) versus normal walking (- - -). (A) Sagittal plane knee torque. (B) Sagittal plane knee power. *Statistically significant differences at p < .05/20 =
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 38-44DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Averaged sagittal hip kinetics for toe walking (—) versus normal walking (- - -). (A) Sagittal plane hip torque. (B) Sagittal plane hip power. *Statistically significant differences at p < .05/20 =
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 38-44DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions