1. How did the Age of Absolutism Affect Europe?
Chapter 5, Section 1
How did the Age of Absolutism Affect Europe?

2. Spain begin to lose its position of dominance in Europe because it became bankrupt due to the anti-Protestant militarism of Philip II.

3. Huguenots were French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
Huguenots were French Protestants influenced by John Calvin. Catholics fought against them for years.
Henry IV (the Huguenot leader) converted to Catholicism and made it the official religion of France. But he also gave Huguenots equal rights.

4. Europe’s population began to decline by 1650, especially in central and southern Europe. Warfare, plague, and famine all contributed to the population decline and to the creation of social tensions.

5. The religious zeal that led to the Inquisition and the hunt for heretics was extended to concern about witchcraft.
Perhaps more than a hundred thousand people were charged with witchcraft. More than 75 percent of those accused were women.

6. The Thirty-Years War was a struggle between Catholics and Protestants .
The peace settlement divided the states of the Holy Roman Empire into independent states, each with the freedom to determine their own religion and conduct foreign policy.

7. Divine Right of Kings: “Kings sit upon God’s throne and rule according to God’s law.” Kings were not accountable to their subjects.
Absolutism included a belief that Kings ruled by Divine Right. They got their authority from God Alone.

8. In 1628, the English Parliament passed a Petition of Right
In 1628, the English Parliament passed a Petition of Right. The petition placed limits on the king's ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause, quarter troops, and institute martial law.

9. The Glorious Revolution saw protestants fight against the Church of England.
Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary. They accepted it, along with a Bill of Rights that expanded Parliament’s powers and gave citizens rights.

10. Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan, in which he suggested that people in the state agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler with unlimited power in order to suppress rebellion and to preserve order.

11. John Locke: believed that all humans had certain natural rights including rights to life, liberty, and property.
If a monarch failed to protect citizens' natural rights—the people would be within their rights to alter or overthrow the government.