1. 18.7 Surrender at Appomattox pp. 593-597

2. Objectives: Describe Sherman’s march to the sea.
Explain the Civil War’s end.

3. A. Total War (p. 593)
In 1864 Lincoln gave Grant command of all Northern armies.
Grant planned to wage total war, the destruction of armies and resources, as well as of civilians’ will to continue the fight.
While Grant would target Richmond, William T. Sherman would move on Atlanta, and Phil Sheridan would destroy the rich farmlands of the Shenandoah Valley.

4. B. The March to the Sea (p. 594)
In May 1864, Sherman’s soldiers set out from Chattanooga; by September they had burned the city of Atlanta and destroyed its rail system.
Sherman said “War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it .”
In November 1864, Sherman began his “march to the sea,” destroying everything in his path that he could not use—crops, barns, livestock, and plantation houses.

5. C. The Election of 1864 (p. 594)
In the midst of war a presidential election took place.
To run against Lincoln in 1864, Democrats nominated George McClellan, the popular general whom Lincoln had twice removed from command.
Lincoln’s victory signaled a continuation of the war until the South surrendered and slavery ended.

6. D. Ending the War (p. 594)
Grant’s forces fought Lee’s army on the Virginia battlefields of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor.
Both sides suffered enormous losses in these battles, but Grant refused to retreat.
In June 1864, Grant’s forces reached the railroad hub of Petersburg, Virginia, where he began a siege that lasted nine months.

7. E. Surrender at Appomattox (p. 596)
On April 2, 1865, Grant finally broke through Lee’s lines.
When Richmond fell, Lee and his army retreated westward.
On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.

8. Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865

9. The Physical Stress of War on Lincoln
Presidential Candidate 1860
Five Years Later

10. F. Assassination (p. 596)
On April 14, 1865, just five days after Lee’s surrender, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre in Washington DC.
Booth was a famous actor and fanatical Confederate sympathizer.
After a nation-wide manhunt, Booth was trapped in a Virginia tobacco barn and killed.

11. Review: What was meant by “total war”?
List three Union generals who practiced total war.
Who marched to the sea after capturing and burning Atlanta?
Where did Robert E. Lee surrender his Confederate forces?
Who assassinated Lincoln and where?