1. Asterids – Campanulids
Spring 2014

2. Fig. 8.83

3. Asterids – Campanulids
“Basal” Asterids
Order Ericales
Lamiids
Order Solanales
Order Gentianales
Order Lamiales
Campanulids
Order Apiales
*Apiaceae – carrots, parsley
Order Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae – honeysuckle
Adoxaceae – viburnum, elderberry
Order Asterales
*Asteraceae – sunflowers
*family required for recognition

4. Asterids -- Campanulids: Apiales: Apiaceae (The Carrot Family; Umbelliferae)
Nearly cosmopolitan
Usually herbs; aromatic with ethereal oils, terpenoids, saponins and other compounds; leaves alternate with sheathing bases; internodes usually hollow
Diversity: 3,780 species in 434 genera
Flowers: Small, inconspicuous. Sepals 5, distinct, very reduced; petals 5, distinct but developing from a ring-like primordium, usually inflexed; stamens 5, filaments distinct; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit a schizocarp, the 2 dry segments (mericarps) attached to an entire to deeply forked central stalk (carpophore)
Significant features: Aromatic parts; inflorescences usually involucrate compound umbels (sometimes simple or condensed into a head); styles basally swollen to form a nectar-secreting structure (stylopodium) atop the ovary; seeds with oil glands
Special uses: Herbs and spices, vegetables (carrot, Daucus; celery – Apium; parsnip - Pastinaca), parsley (Petroselinum)
Family required

5. Apiaceae
Zizia
Daucus
Anethum
Cicuta

6. Apiaceae reduced calyx inflexed petals inferior ovary 2 carpels
stylopodium

7. Apiaceae
schizocarps

8. Apiaceae: Daucus -bristly annuals or biennials
with pinnately dissected leaves
-umbels compound
-involucre of more or less conspicuous
pinnate bracts
-flowers all or nearly all perfect, mostly
with pedicels
-mericarps with 5 slender, bristly 1°
ribs and 4 winged 2° ribs
involucre

9. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
anise
caraway
dill

10. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?

11. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
parsley

12. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
carrot
parsnip

13. Asterids -- Campanulids: Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae (The Honeysuckle Family)
Widely distributed, especially in northern temperate regions
Herbs, shrubs, small trees and lianas; leaves opposite, simple
Diversity: 810 species in 36 genera (in the broad sense)
Flowers: Sepals 5, connate; petals 5, connate, often with 2 upper and 3 lower lobes or 1 upper and 4 lower lobes; stamens (1-) 4-5, filaments adnate to the corolla; carpels 2-5, connate, style elongate, stigma capitate, inferior ovary; fruit a capsule, berry, drupe, or achene.
Significant features: Flowers bilateral; large, spiny pollen
Special uses: Ornamentals: honeysuckle (Lonicera), Weigela, Symphoricarpus (snowberry)
Family not required

14. Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera
-erect or climbing shrubs
-leaves entire
-calyx teeth very short
-corolla tubular or funnelform,
often more or less irregular
-fruit a several-seeded berry

15. Campanulids: Dipsacales: Adoxaceae (The Elderberry family)
Widespread in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere but also in mountainous regions of S. Hemisphere
Small trees, shrubs or perennial herbs; leaves opposite, simple or trifoliolate or pinnately compound
Diversity: 245 species in 5 genera
Flowers: Bisexual, radial, small; sepals 2-5, connate, reduced; petals 4-5, connate, well developed but with a usually short tube; stamens 5, pollen with a reticulate exine; carpels 3-5, style(s) short; fruit a drupe, with 1-5 pits
Significant features: inflorescences determinate, umbellate, showy
Special uses: ornamentals (Viburnum, Sambucus), also jellies and wines
Family not required

16. Adoxaceae
Adoxa
Viburnum
Sambucus

17. Adoxaceae: Viburnum -shrubs or small trees -leaves simple
-inflorescences compound cymes
-flowers usually white (rarely pink)
-corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed
-ovary 3-carpellate, but two abort
-fruit a 1-locular, 1-seeded drupe

18. Adoxaceae: Sambucus -herbaceous, shrubby or arborescent
(elderberry)
-herbaceous, shrubby or arborescent
-leaves pinnately compound
-inflorescences compound cymes
-corolla broadly spreading
-fruit a drupe containing 3 pits

19. Campanulids: Asterales: Asteraceae (The Sunflower Family – Most diverse family of angiosperms)
Cosmopolitan
Herbs or shrubs (trees); resin canals or laticifers often present
Diversity: 23,600 species in ca. 1,600 genera
Flowers: Sepals highly modified to form a scaly or hairy pappus; petals 5, connate, forming a tubular, bilabiate, radial or bilateral corolla; anthers fused into a tube around the style (syngenesious); pollen plunger mechanism present; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit an achene (cypsela), often with adherent pappus (calyx parts)
Significant features: flowers densely arranged into indeterminate heads (capitula), surrounded by involucral bracts (phyllaries), often with differentiation in inner flowers and outer flowers (disk and ray flowers); various pollination and dispersal syndromes
Special uses: Food plants: sunflower (Helianthus), chicory (Cichorium), artichoke (Cynara), lettuce (Lactuca); many ornamentals (marigolds, zinnias, chrysanthemum, dahlia, etc.).
Family only

20. The ultimate pseudanthium

21. Involucre of phyllaries
Asteraceae
Pseudanthium =
false flower
disk + ray florets
Involucre of phyllaries
Berlandiera

22. Asteraceae Floral Terminology: Head (= capitulum) Pseudanthium
Involucre
Phyllaries
Floret
Ligulate or ray floret
Disk floret

23. Asteraceae: ray flower/floret

24. Asteraceae: disk flower/floret

25. Three flower arrangements ray flowers only disk flowers only
ray and disk flowers

26. Asteraceae: Taraxacum
-perennial or biennial herbs
-heads many-flowered, large,
solitary on a slender hollow scape,
of only ray flowers
-pappus feathery, becoming raised
on a stalk as the achene matures
-involucre reflexed at fruit maturity
for wind dispersal
Seeds produced
mostly by
asexual means

27. Asteraceae: Helianthus
-coarse, stout herbs
-involucre of overlapping phyllaries
-heads solitary or in a corymb,
many-flowered, with both ray
and disk flowers, the ray flowers
with a yellow corolla
-chaff persistent
-pappus easily deciduous, of 2 thin
scales, sometimes 2 or more smaller
scales also present

28. Asteraceae: Solidago -perennial herbs
-stem leaves sessile or nearly so
-heads small, mostly in racemes
or clusters
-heads few- to many-flowered,
mostly of ray flowers
-ray flowers usually 1-20 per head,
pistillate
-pappus simple, of equal fine bristles
-achenes nearly terete

29. Senecio -heads in branched clusters -heads of ray flowers
-flowers yellow
-ca species

30. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
artichoke

31. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
chicory

32. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
lettuce
endive

33. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
safflower oil

34. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
sunflower

35. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Medicinal plants
Camomile (Athemis)

36. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Weedy plants:
Dandelion (Taraxacum)

37. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Weedy plants:
Ragweed (Ambrosia)

38. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Ornamentals:
Chrysanthemum
(“mums;” Chrysanthemum)
Dahlia (Dahlia)
Daisy (Chrysanthemum)
Marigold (Tagetes)
Sunflower (Helianthus)
Zinnia (Zinnia)

39. Ecological Roles