1. Periodic Table Geography
A land far far away, that changes in atomic radius, ionization energy, and where unicorns roam

2. The periodic table can be broken into periods and families

3. Families/groups are the horizontal rows

4. Atomic radius- the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron
Ionization Energy- the amount of energy needed to remove an electron
Electronegativity- the ability to attract electrons

5. Atomic Radius- increases as you go down a family decreases as you go from LEFT to RIGHT

6. Ionization Energy- increases you as you move from left to right
Electronegativity- increases as you move from left to right

7. As the radius increase the electronegativity decreases

8. Families have names

9. Hydrogen is an outcast

10. GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS
Group1; 1 valence electron (one electron in outer orbital),
very reactive metals
Have to be stored in a solution, do not occur individually in nature
malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
softer than most other metals, can cut with a knife
can explode if they are exposed to water

11. Group 2- Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2; two valence electrons
Reactive, but not as reactive as group 1 because it has to lose 2 electrons in outer orbital to combine
metals
Not found free in nature

12. TRANSITION METALS Can’t easily tell how many valence electrons;
ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

13. Nonmetals to the right of the zig zag line
Metals to the left of the zig zag line

14. Characteristics of Elements
Metals
Shiny when smooth and clean
Solid at room temp.
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Nonmetals
Generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids
– Have physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals!

15. InnerTransition Metals
These elements are also called the rare-earth elements.
f block
InnerTransition Metals

16. INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Many are man-made; not necessarily rare
Used in metallurgy, ceramics, glass making, dyes, computers, televisions and other electrical components
They tend to be black or dark brown in color with reddish, yellowish, or more commonly brownish streaks

17. GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid
The rest are metals

18. GROUP 14: CARBON FAMILY 4 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

19. GROUP 15: NITROGEN FAMILY
5 electrons in the outer shell
Can share electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

20. GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY/Chalcogen
6 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive

21. Exist in all three states of matter:
GROUP 17: HALOGENS (salts)
7 valence electrons
Non-metals
Exist in all three states of matter:
Solid- Iodine, Astatine
Liquid- Bromine
Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine
Extremely reactive nonmetals

22. Group 18 are gases and have 8 valence electrons These are gases
GROUP 18: NOBLE GASES
Group 18 are gases and have 8 valence electrons
These are gases
These are stable because their outer shell is full, so they don’t easily form compounds