1. Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis By Alex Neumann

2. Bitternut Hickory Classification Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis KingdomPlanteaPlant SubkingdomTracheobiontaVascular Plant SuperdivisionSpermatophytaSeed Plants DivisionMagnoliophytaFlowering Plants ClassMagnoliopsidaDicotyledons SubclassHamamelididae OrderJuglandales FamilyJuglandaceaeWalnut family GenusCarya Nutt.Hickory SpeciesCarya cordiformis (Wang.) K.Koch Bitternut Hickory Figure 1: Bitternut Hickory classification table

3. Shape, Form, and Tree Type The Bitternut Hickory has a very tall trunk and is normally forty to eighty feet in height. Also the crown of the tree is very broad and rounded. The diameter of the tree is one to two feet across. Figure 2: Picture of a Bitternut Hickory Tree

4. Bark The bark color ranges between a light to medium brown and gray. The bark is somewhat rough with thin scaly ridges. Figure 3: Picture of the bark of a Bitternut Hickory tree

5. Twig The twigs are described as being slender or slight. They are long and slender with a bright yellow bud on the end. Figure 4: Picture of the twig of a Bitternut Hickory Tree

6. Leaf Description The Leaves of the Bitternut Hickory tree are pinnately compounded. They are six to ten inches long and come in leaflets of seven to nine. They are fine toothed with a hairy line on the underside. The leaves are yellow green turning yellow in the winter. Figure 5: Picture of the leaves of a Bitternut Hickory Tree

7. Bud, Fruit, and Flower Buds: the buds of this tree appear to be slightly flattened. They are bright or mustard colored yellow. Fruit: the tree produces a nut about one inch long. It is almost round, but slightly flattened. It is also composed of small yellow scales. Flowers: the flowers are small and green colored. The number of flowers per bud depends on the tree sex. Male trees have four to five flowers, females have one to two.

8. Bud, Fruit, and Flower Pictures Figure 6: Picture of a Bud from a Bitternut Hickory Tree Figure 7: Picture of the Fruit of a Bitternut Hickory Tree Figure 8: Picture of a flower from a Bitternut Hickory Tree

9. Habitat and Range This tree thrives in areas with rich moist soil, mainly valleys. It can also be found up in northern upland areas where dry soil is present. This tree is found mostly anywhere in the eastern part of the country. It is present from New Hampshire down to Florida, over to Texas, up to Minnesota. Also found in parts of Canada such as Quebec Figure 9: Map of the range of Bitternut Hickory Trees

10. Uses This wood is not a very strong wood so it is used more for fuel than for other uses. Bitternut Hickory wood is sometimes used for making boxes and crates It is used for smoking meats. It is also used for lumber, fuelwood, and pulpwood. Figure 10: Picture of a Bitternut Hickory Tree

11. References Classification: USDA, NRCS. (2010, June 24). The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Retrieved June 34, 2010, From http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RHAR4 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RHAR4 Tree Shape Form and Type: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Tree Bark: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Twig: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Leaf Description: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Buds, Fruit, and Flowers: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Habitat and Range: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf Uses: Fragrant Sumac. (2010, June 4). NDSU. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-53.pdf

12. Figure Refrences Figure 1: USDA, NRCS. (2010, June 24). The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Retrieved June 34, 2010, From http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RHAR4http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RHAR4 Figure2: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 3: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 4: Miller, T. (n.d.). Image Gallery. Welcome to the PLANTS Database | USDA PLANTS. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=rhar4_008_avp.tif http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=rhar4_008_avp.tif Figure 5: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 6: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 7: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 8: Cook, W. (2009, May 17). Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica). Home | Duke University. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/rhar.html Figure 9: USDA, NRCS. (2010, June 24). The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Retrieved June 34, 2010, From http://plants.usda.govhttp://plants.usda.gov Figure 10: Hurst, S. (n.d.). Large image for Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac) | USDA PLANTS. Welcome to the PLANTS Database | USDA PLANTS. Retrieved June 24, 2010, from http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Carya+cordiformis&mode=scinamehttp://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Carya+cordiformis&mode=sciname