1. Chapter 6 Section 4: The War of 1812

2. Objectives
Identify the events that led to the War Hawks’ call for war.
Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the War of 1812.
Explain the significance of the War of 1812.

3. Terms and People
Tecumseh – Shawnee who attempted to unite the Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers
Battle of Tippecanoe – Gov. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811
War Hawks – nationalistic western and southern Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812
War of 1812 – war with Britain,
Andrew Jackson – defeated the Creek and Seminole Indians and then the British at New Orleans

4. Terms and People (continued)
Francis Scott Key – penned “The Star Spangled Banner” during the British attack on Fort McHenry
“The Star-Spangled Banner” – Key’s poem that later became the national anthem
Battle of New Orleans – American victory by Andrew Jackson routing the British in January 1815
Treaty of Ghent – treaty ending the War of 1812
Hartford Convention – meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812

5. Why did the U.S. go to war with Britain, and what was the outcome of that war?
In 1812, the U.S. found itself involved in a major war that tested its strength and the solidarity of its people.
Americans managed to fight the war and get the country back on track in its aftermath.

6. Americans faced trouble from Native Americans.
Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to unite Native Americans to fight American expansion.

7. Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown, Tecumseh’s village.
Westerners blamed the British in Canada for arming the Indians, and demanded action.

8. In 1811, the War Hawks took the lead in Congress.
They were led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky.

9. War Hawks denounced Britain’s impressment of U. S
War Hawks denounced Britain’s impressment of U.S. sailors and its support for Native Americans.
They believed an invasion of Canada would stop British aid to the Indians and force Britain to respect America at sea.

10. The War of 1812 began when Congress declared war in June 1812.
But the nation was totally unprepared with only a small army and navy.

11. Thomas Jefferson advised Madison that an invasion of Canada would be easy.
He proved wrong and repeated attempts to invade Canada failed.

12. Early on the British were occupied in Europe, allowing several American victories.
The small American navy did surprisingly well.
The U.S.S. Constitution defeated H.M.S. Guerrière
Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie.

13. Americans won several victories against Native Americans.
In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who was aiding the British.
Attacks on Canada failed
Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek in Alabama.
Jackson defeated the Seminoles and seized a fort at Pensacola.

14. In 1814, Britain defeated France and then launched a four-part offensive in America.

15. 1 2 3 4 British troops occupied eastern Maine.
A 2ND army invaded New York from Montreal but was turned back.
A 3RD force invaded Maryland, burning Washington D.C., but failed to take Baltimore.
A 4TH Army headed to New Orleans. They would be routed by Andrew Jackson. 2 3 4

16. The Americans’ worst humiliation came when British troops burned the White House and Capitol.

17. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
Both sides agreed to return to pre-war boundaries.
A commission was set up to discuss any future boundary disputes.
Impressment and American neutrality were not discussed.
The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.

18. Several events of the War of 1812 fostered American pride.
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

19. 1815: Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle of New Orleans
1815: Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle of New Orleans. The battle took place after the war officially ended. There was No news of a treaty.

20. The war was not popular with everyone.
A group of Federalists held the Hartford Convention to consider secession and making a separate peace with Britain.
After the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were considered traitors and the Federalist Party disappeared.

21. The War of 1812

22. The War of 1812

23. Section 4 Assessment
What were some major causes of the War of 1812? (219)
How did Native Americans become involved in the war? ( )
Why was the White House burned during the war? (217)
What was the significance of the Battle of New Orleans? (218)
What were some major outcomes of the War of 1812? (219)

24. British interference with Native American activities and interests; want to get British out of North America; etc.
They fought off land expansion and were angered by dishonest treaties for land
Revenge for American arson in Canada; tensions between Americans and British
Greatest American victory during the war; led to Treaty of Ghent; end of war
Need for strong army; growing national pride & strength; end of Federalist party; etc.