1. Доцент кафедры ортопедической стоматологии, к.м.н. Ганисик А.В.
Partial absence of teeth. Classification of defects of the dentition. Orthopedic treatment of fixed bridges. Principles of preparation of abutment teeth.
Доцент кафедры ортопедической стоматологии, к.м.н. Ганисик А.В.

2. The leading symptoms in the clinic of partial absence of teeth are:
1. Violation of the continuity of the dentition (the appearance of defects)
2. The presence of a group of teeth that retained antagonists (functioning group) and lost them (non- functioning group)
3. Functional overload of individual tooth groups
4. Bite deformation
5. Lowering the height of the lower face
6. Impaired chewing, speech, aesthetics
7. Violation of the activity of the TMJ

3. Clinical bases for the manufacture of bridges:
1. Included defects (small and medium)
2. Periodontal status of supporting teeth
3. Straight direction of defect

4. Biological basis 1. Reserve periodontal forces
2. The ratio of the crown to the root ½
3. Periodontal endurance to a load of 1400 kg according to Haber
4. Absolute strength of chewing muscles according to Weber 390 kg

5. Odontopodonogram

6. Biomechanical basics
1. Calculation of permissible load according to Agapov (the sum of the coefficients of the supporting teeth is equal to the sum of the coefficients absent)
2. Calculation of the permissible load and reserve periodontal forces of the supporting teeth, taking into account the state of the teeth - antagonists according to the odontopodonodogram of Kurlyandskiy

7. The bridge is an orthopedic construction that replaces and restores the integrity of the dentition and the lost function.

8. Bridge prosthesis

9. Intermediate part of the bridge

10. Types of bridges

11. Types of bridges
traditional bridges
cantilever bridge

12. tab-based bridge

13. maryland bridge

14. adhesive bridge

15. removable bridge

16. Indications for the manufacture of fixed bridges
up to 4 incisors are absent, but the chewing function is ensured by natural teeth, or already existing bridges;
in the area of the posterior teeth there are no more than 3 teeth and the dentition can be restored with the help of a bridge with supports on both sides (defect included).

17. Contraindications to the manufacture of fixed bridges
with insufficient periodontal ability to withstand the load and such general somatic diseases that adversely affect periodontal tissue;
 if the x-ray of the abutment tooth indicates a pathological process that cannot be stopped.

18. Classification of bridges
1. According to the material
metal
non-metallic
- combined
2. By fastening
non-removable
removable

19. 3. According to the manufacturing method
soldered
cast
Milling
4. By design
- whole
- composite

20. 5. According to the location of the abutment teeth
with two-sided support
with one-sided support (cantilever)

21. 6. According to the design of the prosthesis support
- various types of crowns
- semi-crowns
- tabs
- pins

22. Materials for the manufacture of bridges
Metal alloys (gold, silver-palladium, stainless steel, chromium-nickel, chromium-cobalt, titanium, nitrogen steels, gold-palladium)
Plastic
Composite
Ceramics
Zirconium oxide
Combination of materials

23. Preparation for prosthetics with bridges
Therapeutic
Professional hygiene
Sanitation
Preparation support teeth (endodontic treatment,
revision of endodontic treatment)
Treatment of periodontal disease and oral mucosa

24. Preparation for prosthetics with bridges
Surgical Tooth extraction Dental operations (cystotomy, cystectomy, resection of the root apex, hemisection, amputation of one of the roots) Gum coagulation Alveolotomy Periodontal surgery Implantation Bone grafting

25. Preparation for prosthetics with bridges
Orthodontic Removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances, bite plates to correct anomalies, deformations, restoration of height of the lower part of the face

26. Preparation for prosthetics with bridges
Orthopedic Making pin tabs Model Parallelometry jaws and diagnostic preparation Selective grinding Treatment of diseases of the TMJ using bite plates

27. Kennedy dentition defect classification
Class I - bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to all remaining teeth.
Class II - unilateral edentulous area located posterior to all remaining teeth.
Class III - unilateral edentulous area bounded by anterior and posterior natural teeth.
Class IV - a single, but bilateral (crossing the midline) edentulous area located anterior to remaining teeth

30. Gavrilov dentition defects classification
1. Terminal unilateral and bilateral.
2. Included (side unilateral, bilateral and front).
3. Combined.
4. Jaws with singly preserved teeth.
1966
1) one-sided terminal;
  2) bilateral end;
  3) unilateral lateral defects included;
  4) bilateral defects of lateral divisions included;
  5) defects of the anterior part of the dental arches included;
  6) combined defects;
  7) jaws with teeth standing alone.
1968

31. Principles of bridge construction
1. The supporting elements of the MP and its intermediate part must be on the same line
2. The width of the chewing surface of the MP body should be less than the width of the chewing surfaces of the replaced teeth.

32. 3. The size of the chewing pressure is inversely proportional to the distance from the point of its application to the abutment tooth.
4. Restoration of contact points between the supporting elements of the bridge and adjacent natural teeth.
5. Proper design of bridge in terms of normal occlusion.
6. Bridge must meet the requirements of aesthetics

33. Thanks for attention!