1. Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{{\alpha}}}^{+}\) \end{document} and azimuthal rotation \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{{\phi}}}^{+}\) \end{document} (A), aerodynamic (B) and inertial (C) torque coefficients for translation (CQ,a,t and CQ,i,t, respectively) and rotation (CQ,a,r and CQ,i,r, respectively) versus time during one cycle (midstroke angle of attackα m=35°, delayed rotation, non-dimensional duration of wing rotation Δτr=0.36τc).τ c, non-dimensional period of one flapping cycle; τ, non-dimensional time.
Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{{\alpha}}}^{+}\) \end{document} and azimuthal rotation \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{{\phi}}}^{+}\) \end{document} (A), aerodynamic (B) and inertial (C) torque coefficients for translation (CQ,a,t and CQ,i,t, respectively) and rotation (CQ,a,r and CQ,i,r, respectively) versus time during one cycle (midstroke angle of attackα m=35°, delayed rotation, non-dimensional duration of wing rotation Δτr=0.36τc).τ c, non-dimensional period of one flapping cycle; τ, non-dimensional time.
Mao Sun, and Jian Tang J Exp Biol 2002;205:
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