1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology
Biology
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

2. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Photo Credit: © Quest/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

3. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles.
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
Cell wall
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

5. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleus
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus.
Nuclear pores
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Ribosomes
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
One of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is making proteins.
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

14. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Notice the stacklike membranes that make up the Golgi apparatus.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

15. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of lysosomes?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Vacuoles
What is the function of vacuoles?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

17. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Vacuoles
In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid.
Vacuole
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

18. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
Vacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals.
The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

19. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

20. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria.
Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Mitochondrion
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

21. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

22. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Plants and some other organisms contain chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

23. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cytoskeleton
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

24. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement.
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
microfilaments
microtubules
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

25. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubule
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that help maintain cell shape.
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

26. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

27. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

28. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as
a dense region called the nucleolus.
the nuclear envelope.
granular material called chromatin.
condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

29. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to
break down organelles.
assemble proteins.
maintain homeostasis.
make new organelles.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

30. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
plants only.
plants and some other organisms.
all eukaryotes.
most prokaryotes.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

31. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
synthesize proteins.
modify proteins.
sort proteins.
package proteins.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

32. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-2
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
manufactures new cell organelles
assists in movement of some cells from one place to another
releases energy in cells
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

33. END OF SECTION