1. Winding Up the War

2. War at Sea Although a navy was created back in 1775
America only had the ability to build a few warships
Britain had a full fleet and tactics
American ships made hit-and-run attacks
Britain still dominated the seas-blockading the American ports

3. Bonhomme Richard Most famous naval battle of the war
John Paul Jones was the captain of Bonhomme Richard
This ship was going up against the large British warship Serapis
The battle went quickly
Cannons and muskets ripped the sails and blasted holes in the wooden sides
War at Sea
Continental Congress decided to make a navy back in 1775, but with limited ability to build only a few warships and a small navy going against the powerful British fleet they had to be tactful.
Making hit-and-run attacks on British ships
Britain still dominated the seas- blocking the American ports
1779 (most famous naval battle), the American ship Bonhomme Richard, under the command of John Paul Jones fought side by side with the large British warship Serapis (off the coast of England)
Cannons and muskets ripped the sails on both ships and blasted holes in their wooden sides

5. Bonhomme Richard v. Serapis
Jones refused to give up
Finally with dozens of sailors dead on each side, the captain of the Serapis surrendered
The Americans had help from 800 privateers (armed ships that had their government’s permission to attack enemy ships and keep their goods)
Jones refused to give up and finally with dozens of sailors dead on each side, the captain of the Serapis surrendered
Americans had help from 800 privateers: armed civilian ships that had their government’s permission to attack enemy ships and keep their goods
Made Britain spend more time and money on protecting merchant ships so their goods were not stolen

6. Improvement for the Patriots
October, 1780: 900 frontier fighters defended Kings Mountain in SC from British troops
December, 1780: Nathanael Greene took over the Continental Army in the South
1,200 men moved into eastern SC with Green
800 men moved in from the west with General Daniel Morgan
January, 1781: Battle of Cowpens was a clear victory from General Morgan
Patriot fortunes began to improve
October, 1780, 900 frontier fighters defended a larger force of British troops and Loyalists atop Kings Mountain in South Carolina
December, 1780, Nathanael Greene took over the Continental army in the South
Split his men in two; he led 1,200 men into eastern South Carolina and General Daniel Morgan had 800 men in the west
January 1781, Morgan won a clear victory at the Battle of Cowpens
Small militia in the front- telling them to fire three shots then retreat
British rushed forward, only to be met by charging cavalry and a line of skilled riflemen
will be used to look at the battle on Kings Mountain and the battle of Cowpens

10. American Traitor
Traitor: a person who betrays his or her country or cause and helps the other side
Britain still had the upper hand in the South
Under the command of Benedict Arnold (American traitor)
He felt Congress undervalued him
Plotted to turn West Point (fort on the Hudson River) over to the British
His plot was discovered in September 1780 but he escaped
American Traitor
Traitor: a person who betrays his or her country or cause and helps the other side
The British still had the upper hand in the South and were under command of an American traitor, Benedict Arnold
He felt Congress undervalued him; he plotted to turn West Point, a key fort on the Hudson River, over to the British
His plot was discovered in September 1780, but he escaped
He and his Loyalists soldiers then staged a series of destructive raids in Virginia

12. Final Battle, 1781
General Cornwallis had been weakened at the Battle of Cowpens
Over a five-month period, Patriot forces swept through the Deep South
By late summer, only Charles Town and Savannah remained in British hands
Fatal mistake by Cornwallis
Moved into the Yorktown peninsula, thinking a British fleet could reinforce his position
By August, a French fleet chased off the British ships
Final Battle 1781
Cornwallis had been weakened at the Battle of Cowpens, which gave Greene opportunity
Over a five-month period, Patriot forces swept through the Deep South
By late summer, only Charles Town and Savannah remained in British hands
Cornwallis made a fateful mistake, he moved his main army to the Yorktown peninsula, (part of Virginia land that poked out into the Chesapeake Bay)
He thought the British fleet could reinforce his position,
but at the end of August, the French fleet arrived off Yorktown and chased off British ships

14. Final Battle Continued…
Washington rushed towards Virginia with American and French troops
Cornwallis was in a trap
After 3 weeks: Cornwallis had no option but to surrender
October 19, 1781: British troops marched glumly between American and French lines and tossed their weapons into a large pile on the ground
The King of Britain wanted to keep fighting, but Parliament voted for peace
Washington rushed towards Virginia with American and French troops; Cornwallis was in a trap
After three weeks, Cornwallis had no option but to surrender
October 19, 1781, the Americans and French lined up in two facing columns, the British marched glumly between the two and tossed their weapons into a large pile on the ground
Victory at Yorktown was the last major battle of the war
Shocked Britain, the King wanted to keep fighting, but Parliament voted for peace

16. Treaty of Paris
American delegates included Benjamin Franklin and John Adams
Britain was eager for peace so the Americans got most of what they wanted
The United States got independence
Boundaries of the new nation were
Atlantic on the east
Canada on the north
Mississippi River on the west
Florida on the south (went back to Spain)
U.S. agreed to “earnestly recommend” that states restore rights and property to the Loyalists (most states ignored)
April 15, 1783: Congress approved the treaty
Treaty of Paris
American delegates included Benjamin Franklin and John Adams
Britain was eager for peace so the Americans got most of what they wanted
Britain recognized the independence of the United States
Boundaries of the new nation were set at the Atlantic on the east, Canada on the north, the Mississippi River on the west, and Florida on the south (Florida was given back to Spain)
The United States agreed to “earnestly recommend” that the states restore rights and property taken from Loyalists during the war, but most states ignored this
April 15, 1783, Congress approved the treaty- war was officially over
Almost exactly 8 years since the “shot heard round the world” was fired

20. Farewell and Impact Washington’s Farewell- December 4, 1783 Impact
Immediate: U.S. had to create new nation of 13 independent states
Long term: The Declaration of independence cemented ideas like equality and liberty in the American mind
Inspired other countries to rebel and use the Declaration of Independence as a reference point
Washington’s Farewell
December 4, 1783, Washington and his ranking officers were reunited for one last meal together at Fraunces Tavern in New York City
Washington retired to his plantation, but soon he would be called to aid the nation at which he helped create
Impact of the Revolution
Immediate effects, the United States had to create a new nation of 13 independent states, linked by ties of custom and history
Long-term effects are still being felt today
The Declaration of independence cemented ideas like equality and liberty in the American mind
The American Revolution inspired other countries to rebel and to use the Declaration of Independence as a reference point
French Revolution
Independence movements in Latin America