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Adaptasi Tumbuhan pada Lingkungan Habitat Lahan Kering

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Presentation on theme: "Adaptasi Tumbuhan pada Lingkungan Habitat Lahan Kering"— Presentation transcript:

1 Adaptasi Tumbuhan pada Lingkungan Habitat Lahan Kering
Bahan Kajian MK. Agroekologi Adaptasi Tumbuhan pada Lingkungan Habitat Lahan Kering Smno.jurstnh.fpub.2013

2 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Apakah Tumbuhan itu? Multicellular organism that performs photosynthesis and develops from an embryo Almost all live on land Descendants of protists Land invasion depended on evolution of different structures Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

3 Adaptasi Lahan-Darat Waxy cuticle — reduces water loss
Ability to absorb water from a variety of sources Enclosed reproductive organs, called gametangia, in which gametes form Enclosed sporangia in which spores form

4 Identifikasi beragam Tipe Tumbuhan
Identify as many different plants as you can. How are they different from one another?

5 Vaskuler vs. Non-vaskuler
Vascular or tracheophytes Have pipelike tissues that conduct water Grow large Examples: fir trees, ferns Nonvascular or bryophytes Lack a vascular system Much smaller Less diverse

6 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Divisio Tumbuhan Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

7 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Evolusi Tumbuhan Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

8 Evolusi Tumbuhan Evidence comes from fossils and comparisons with living species First plants evolved from a common ancestor that resembled a green alga Vascular plants predate nonvascular plants First seedless plants — Carboniferous Period

9 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Kingdom Plantae Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

10 Evolusi Angiospermae Angiosperms — flowering plants
First fossils — about 125 million years ago Evolved from gymnosperms — plants that have no fruits or flowers Many adaptations

11 Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts
Nonvascular Plants or bryophytes Depend on free standing water for photosynthesis and fertilization Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

12 Karakteristik Bryophyta
All parts of their bodies are adapted to absorb water This gives them a spongy feel Exhibit alternation of generations — a sexual life cycle in which haploid and diploid phases are both multicellular

13 Siklus Hidup Lumut (Moss)
Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

14 Tumbuhan Berpembuluh (Vaskuler)
Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

15 Tumbuhan Berpembuluh (Vaskuler)
Called tracheophytes Have division of labor with separate transport systems for water (xylem) and sugars (phloem) Diploid Phase dominates the life of the plant Seeds are protected by coat, and food is stored inside for germination

16 Seed-Lacking Tracheophytes
4 divisions that lack seeds: Pterophytes (ferns) Psilotophytes Lycophytes Equisetophytes

17 Siklus Hidup Paku-pakuan
Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

18 Siklus Hidup Paku-pakuan
A fern releases haploid spores Spores mature into haploid gametophytes Gametophytes make sperm and egg Fusion of sperm and egg Zygotes grow right out of the gametophyte for a new fern

19 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Lycophytes Have true roots, stems and simple leaves Also called lycopods Example: club mosses Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

20 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Equisetophytes Referred to as horsetails Have true roots, stems and complex leaves Stems are jointed Outer cell walls are reinforced with silica Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

21 Reproduksi Tumbuhan Berbiji
Manage fertilization without water Use a form of internal fertilization Sperm and ovum fused, and develop within the female gametophyte Seeds consist of a diploid zygote and a source of food encased in a seed coat

22 Gymnosperms Seed plants without flowers Evergreen
Conifers produce male and female gametophytes in cone-shaped strobili (the cones) Male and female cones on same tree

23 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Siklus Hidup Pinus Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

24 Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning
Cycads Large-leafed plants that look like palms No flowers or fruits Bear naked seeds Produce male and female strobili Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

25 Kegunaan Bunga dan Buah
Flowers ensure distribution of pollen through a variety of methods Fruits are mature ovaries that enclose and protect seeds Fruits usually enhance dispersal of seeds

26 Siklus Hidup Tumbuhan Berbunga
Copyright 2005—Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning

27 Reproduksi Angiospermae
Flowers reproduce by means of double fertilization 2 sperm nuclei from the pollen grain fertilize 2 ova from the ovary A diploid zygote is formed and a triploid cell forms the endosperm

28 Bagian-bagian Bunga Stamen — anther and filament (male)
Carpel — style and ovary (female) A corolla or petals and a calyx of sepals surround stamens and carpels Not all flowers have all parts

29 Konsep-konsep Kunci A plant is a multicellular organism that photosynthesizes and develops an embryo Nonvascular plants lack vascular tissues The vascular system enables plants to transport water and nutrients, to grow large, and to diversify Seeds allow plant to withstand dry environments


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