1. Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

2. Macromolecules
L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
What words are important in that standard?

3. L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.

4. What do we have to know first?
Macromolecules
L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
What do we have to know first?

5. Basic molecular structure Primary function
Macromolecules
Two things:
Basic molecular structure
Primary function

6. Macromolecules - Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a polymer, composed of many monomers. The monomers are individual rings, so a carbohydrate usually looks like this…
A monomer is made of one part (mono – one)
A polymer is made of many parts (poly – many)

7. Macromolecules - Carbohydrates
We’ve got the basic structure, now what’s the primary function?
Energy
Immediate, quick energy

8. Macromolecules - Lipids
Two things:
Basic molecular structure
Primary function

9. Macromolecules - Lipids
Basic molecular structure – also composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
The big difference is the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms.
Example of a carbohydrate - C6H12O6
Example of a lipid – C55H98O6

10. Macromolecules - Lipids
Primary Function
Energy
Long-term energy storage
Make up cell membrane – phospholipid bilayer

11. Macromolecules - Proteins
Two things:
Basic molecular structure
Primary function

12. Macromolecules - Proteins
Proteins are made up of numerous elements, but for the purpose of structure, you should know Carbon and Nitrogen.
A protein is easily identified because you will see a repetition of the bonding N-C-C. Below is an amino acid…

13. Macromolecules - Proteins
A protein (polymer) is made up of a bunch of amino acids (monomers) that are bonded together.

14. Macromolecules - Proteins
Primary function
Enzymes (L.18.11)
Most varied role – are a part of most anything that we do
Most common functions
Movement and digestion

15. Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
Two types of Nucleic Acids each with their own structure.
DNA – Double helix
RNA – Single strand

16. Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
Two things:
Basic molecular structure
Primary function

17. Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids (polymers) are made up of nucleotides (monomers).
Nucleotides have three parts – sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

18. Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
Primary Function:
DNA – stores the information for building proteins (stores our hereditary information).
RNA – helps in building the proteins.

19. Re-Try
Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

20. Re-Try
Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

21. We Do
Fill in the blanks on your left hand page based on the statements or pictures.

22. You Do Questions
The following questions can be projected when an instructor reaches the “You Do” or an instructor can use the handout.

23. 1. A carbohydrate is an organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The unique structure of carbohydrates makes them useful material for building cell walls in plants. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in animals? a. digesting food b. fighting disease c. storing short-term energy d. transmitting nerve impulses

24. 2. A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknown substance most likely to be? a. carbohydrate b. lipid c. nucleic acid d. protein

25. a. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid
3. Which of the following options below correctly labels each organic compound structure?  
a. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid
b. 1 – protein; 2 – lipid; 3 – carbohydrate
c. 1 – lipid; 2 – carbohydrate; 3 – protein
d. 1 – lipid; 2 – protein; 3 – carbohydrate 1 2 3