1. Organic Structure Among neutral (uncharged) organic compounds
carbon: four covalent bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons
hydrogen: one covalent bond and no unshared pairs of electrons
nitrogen: three covalent bonds and one unshared pair of electrons
oxygen: two covalent bonds and two unshared pairs of electrons
a halogen: one covalent bond and three unshared pairs of electrons

2. Models
Draw a lewis structure, make the model, draw ther 3-D structure, and decribe the bond angles for the following:
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C2H5Cl
C2H4O
CH2O
CH5N

3. Alcohols
Alcohol: contains an OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom
may be primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°)

4. Alcohols
Problem: draw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the two alcohols of molecular formula C3H8O

5. Alcohols
Problem: draw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the two alcohols of molecular formula C3H8O
Solution:

6. Amines Amine: a compound containing an amino group
the amino group may be primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°)

7. Amines
Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two primary amines of molecular formula C3H9N

8. Amines
Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two primary amines of molecular formula C3H9N
Solution:

9. Aldehydes and Ketones Both contain a C=O (carbonyl) group
aldehyde: contains a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen; in formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, the carbonyl group is bonded to two hydrogens
ketone: contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

10. Aldehydes and Ketones
Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two aldehydes of molecular formula C4H8O

11. Aldehydes and Ketones
Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two aldehydes of molecular formula C4H8O
Solution:

12. Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acid: a compound containing a -COOH (carboxyl: carbonyl + hydroxyl) group
in a condensed structural formula, a carboxyl group may also be written -CO2H.

13. Carboxylic Acids
Problem: draw a condensed structural formula for the single carboxylic acid of molecular formula C3H6O2

14. Carboxylic Acids
Problem: draw a condensed structural formula for the single carboxylic acid of molecular formula C3H6O2
Solution: the only way the carbon atoms can be written is three in a chain; the -COOH group must be on an end carbon of the chain