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Types of reactions
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AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Double Replacement A rxn in which the cations switch places. AB CD CB AD Precipitate rxns – formation of a solid Silver nitrate + sodium chloride AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq) silver chloride + sodium nitrate
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B) Neutralization Rxns
Any ionic compound Acid + base water + salt HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) Special case: Acid plus carbonate, CO3 2- HCl(aq) NaHCO3(s) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) Bubbles as additional product
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Oxidation-Reduction Rxns (Redox)
This a rxn in which elements change their charges. Oxidation – become more positive Pb (s) Pb 2+ (aq) e- Reduction – become more negative Cl2(g) e- 2 Cl– (aq) All elements are neutral +2 Ions just match their charge -1
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Decomposition When one reactant decomposes into 2 or more products. AB A + B Example: Nitrogen triiodide nitrogen + iodine 2 NI3 (s) N2 (g) + 3 I2 (g) Ox: I (-1 to 0) Red: N (+3 to 0) +3 -1 (-3)
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Single Replacement A rxn in which an element replaces another element in a compound. A + BC AC + B (if A is a would be cation) D + EF ED + F (If D is a would be anion) Zinc + hydrochoric acid ????? Zn(s) + HCl(aq) 2 ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) +1 -1 +2 -1 So is the Zn going to have a positive or negative charge when it becomes an ion? Ox: Zn (0 to +2) Red: H (+1 to 0) +
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Combination A + B AB2 Hydrogen + oxygen ????
2 or more reactants combine to for a single product. A + B AB2 Hydrogen + oxygen ???? 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) -2 +1 Ox: H (0 to +1) Red: O (0 to -2)
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Combustion The burning of a hydrocarbon to produce carbon dioxide and water. Butane + oxygen 2 C4H10(g) + 13 O2(g) 8 CO2(g) + 10 H2O(g) Balance the C’s first, H’s second and O’s last. You need to have the 2 in front of butane because you are not allowed to half fractions.
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