1. INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

2. Making things…easier, faster & cheaper
Chapter 11
Section 1
Making things…easier, faster & cheaper

3. 3
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – factory machines replace hand tools, and large scale manufacturing replaces farming as main form of work

8. Let’s be clear…. But WHY in Britain?
The Industrial Revolution did NOT start in the U.S.
It actually started in Great Britain.
But WHY in Britain?
Let’s check it out in the video clip:
Crash Course #32

9. It all comes back to the resources! COAL, COAL, and more COAL!!!
As a result, The British get a head start on the textile industry. Textile means ‘cloth’.

10. Key inventions from Britain
Spinning Jenny- speeded up thread making process.
Allowed a person to spin many strands at once
Water Frame- spinning machine powered by running water rather than human energy
Steam-powered textile plant
Richard Arkwright

11. TEXTILE MILL

12. 2
England made it illegal for textile workers to leave their country with their knowledge of how machines worked…so how did it get here?
WAIT and WRITE!

13. 1
SAMUEL SLATER
(sneaky or smart?) – once an apprentice in Arkwright’s factory, he memorizes the plans of Arkwright’s machines!
He brings the secrets of textile mills to America from England in 1789, meets up with a guy who has money to invest (capital) and builds his own factory!!

14. SLATER TEXTILE MILL

15. TEXTILE MILL

16. 4
FACTORY SYSTEM – brings many workers and machines together to work under one roof

17. Factory Life-the Good, the Bad & the Ugly
Conditions depended on what factory you worked at.
Child labor was very common- as young as 7 or 8 yrs. Old.
Dangerous conditions:
Poorly lit, little fresh air, very loud machines
No “worker’s compensation” when injured
12 to 14 hours days

18. Lowell Mills & Lowell Girls
Robert Cabot Lowell-built improved version of English weaving machine
Employed young women who would live in the dorms.
Strict, regimented lifestyle, BUT it was an alternative to live on the farm or marriage

20. Industrialization began in the Northeast!
Why??
Wait and Write out your response

21. Answer:
This region was home to a class of merchants who had capital (MONEY!! ) to invest and build factories!!

22. 1) Fast moving rivers to supply water for factories5
Many of the first factories were placed in the New England region for two reasons:
1) Fast moving rivers to supply water for factories

23. 2) Large supply of people willing to work in the factories5
2) Large supply of people willing to work in the factories

24. Most factories after 1830 are powered by steam instead of by rivers6
Most factories after 1830 are powered by steam instead of by rivers

25. 7
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS – making an item out of parts that are identical and can be mass produced – introduced by Eli Whitney

26. ELI WHITNEY

27. Interchangeable parts had 3 major advantages:8
Interchangeable parts had 3 major advantages:
1) Sped up production, items could be mass produced

28. 2) Repairs are easier on items, can replace one part8
2) Repairs are easier on items, can replace one part
3) Allowed the use of more unskilled labor for lower salary

30. What have we learned so far about the Industrial revolution?
Let’s Review..
What have we learned so far about the Industrial revolution?

31. 11.2
The North Transformed!

32. Growth of Cities
Urbanization- growth of cities due to the movement of people from rural areas to the cities
New York City, Pittsburgh, Louisville become flooded with immigrants!

33. Urban Problems
Filthy streets
Sewage issues
Fires!
Disease spreads quickly!

34. New inventions! Advances in Communication Advances in Transportation
Telegraph-Morse Code
Advances in Transportation
* Advances in Agriculture
- Mechanical Reaper
*Advances in Manufacturing
-Singer and Howe’s sewing machines

35. WAIT AND WRITE
Which benefit do you think is the most important and why?

36. Let’s take a look at some…
Inventors & their Inventions!
Morse
McCormick
Deere
Fulton

37. 10
SAMUEL F.B. MORSE – invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication *

38. ORIGINAL TELEGRAPH MACHINE - 1837

39. 12
CYRUS McCORMICK – invented a grain reaper in 1834, making harvest faster and easier

40. Mc CORMICK REAPER

41. 11
JOHN DEERE – invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge in 1836

42. JOHN DEERE STEEL PLOW

43. 9
ROBERT FULTON – given credit for creating the first steamboat – speeds up transportation

44. FULTON’s Steamboat – THE clermont

45. FULTON’s Steamboat – THE clermont

46. A New Wave of Immigrants
Lots of immigrants from Western Europe
Why?
Opportunities for land & work in the U.S!
Disease, famine, political unrest in their original country
Many moved to major cities in the U.S.-NYC., Boston
From Where?
Ireland: Great Potato Famine
Germany-political issues

47. Know-Nothing Party

48. African Americans in the North
Discrimination- Couldn’t vote, Faced discrimination in jobs, schools, businesses
Racial segregation- could not attend same schools

51. THE
END