1. Interaction of Heterotrimeric G-Protein Components with Receptor-like Kinases in Plants: An Alternative to the Established Signaling Paradigm? 
Swarup Roy Choudhury, Sona Pandey 
Molecular Plant 
Volume 9, Issue 8, Pages (August 2016)
DOI: /j.molp
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2. Figure 1
Possible Interaction between G-Protein Components and Receptor-like Kinases in Plants.
Established and predicted G-protein-dependent pathways/intermediates are shown with solid and dashed arrows with (?), respectively. Green arrow shows that RLKs phosphorylate RGS protein to regulate G-protein cycle exemplified by NFR1-mediated phosphorylation of RGS protein during soybean nodulation (Roy Choudhury and Pandey, 2015). Orange arrow shows that RLKs interact with G-protein components and regulate G-protein cycle, exemplified by FLS2-mediated activation of XLG2 protein during defense response (Liang et al., 2016). There may be other mechanisms (depicted by an unknown intermediate) that define interaction between RLKs and RGS and their downstream effectors, in addition to phosphorylation-based regulation. For species with no RGS protein (e.g., rice, maize, sorghum), another protein may play a similar role. RLKs also act independently of the G-protein-mediated pathways (G-protein-independent pathways), and receptors other than RLKs (shown by R(?)) may also be involved. Receptor-independent activation of G protein is also reported in plants (Urano and Jones, 2014).
Molecular Plant 2016 9, DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2016 The Author Terms and Conditions