1. Performing literature searches and using EndNote Online
Roz McConnaughy
School of Medicine Library May 2019

2. Biomedical research and scholarship is a continuing conversation

3. Outline Designing a Search Strategy Assessing Quality
Journal Citation Databases
Web of Science
PubMed
EndNote Online - Citation Management

4. Objectives Describe methods of determining the quality of a paper
Describe increasing level of evidence with different types of papers
Utilize times cited feature in Web of Science.
Apply search strategies to focus PubMed search results.
Add relevant citations to your EndNote library

5. Designing a search strategy
Revised from: “Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions”, Cochrane Collaboration.

6. Designing a search strategy
Include a wide range of keywords/synonyms for each of the concepts selected.
Think like the article’s author!

7. Boolean Operators/Connectors
AND OR
NOT

8. Designing a search strategy
Related terms:
penetrating head injury OR penetrating brain injury OR penetrating cranial trauma

9. Designing a search strategy
Variant spellings:
tumour OR tumor
Alzheimer disease OR Alzheimer’s disease

10. Designing a search strategy
Generic and brand drug names
Acetaminophen OR Tylenol

11. Too many results? Try Phrase Searching
Example: “blood clot”
Searches for these terms to appear as a phrase.
Warning: Phrase searching will turn off automatic term mapping in PubMed

12. Need to broaden your search? Try truncation
random* (for random or randomised or randomized or randomly, etc)
PubMed = *
Ovid = $

13. Need to broaden your search? Try truncation
Example: Prevent*
Searches for: Prevent, Prevention, Preventive, Prevents, Preventable, Preventative, Prevented, Preventing, etc.

14. Designing a search strategy
Both keyword (text word) and subject headings should be used (for example Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

15. Family interventions for bipolar disorder
affective disorders OR mood disorder OR bipolar disorder OR bipolar psychosis OR manic disorder OR mania OR manic psychosis OR manic depression OR hypomanic OR hypomania OR mixed mania OR mixed states OR mixed episodes OR affective symptoms OR bipolar depression OR cyclothymic disorder OR cyclothymia

16. Family interventions for bipolar disorder
family therapy OR family intervention OR family treatment OR family process therapy OR family management OR psychoanalytical family therapy OR psychodynamic family therapy OR supportive family therapy OR cognitive behavioral family therapy OR systemic family therapy OR continuation family treatment OR maintenance family treatment OR prophylactic family treatment OR interpersonal family therapy OR cognitive family therapy OR couples therapy OR marital therapy OR spouses treatment

17. Family interventions for bipolar disorder
affective disorders OR mood disorder OR bipolar disorder OR bipolar psychosis OR manic disorder OR mania OR manic psychosis OR manic depression OR hypomanic OR hypomania OR mixed mania OR mixed states OR mixed episodes OR affective symptoms OR bipolar depression OR cyclothymic disorder OR cyclothymia
AND
family therapy OR family intervention OR family treatment OR family process therapy OR family management OR psychoanalytical family therapy OR psychodynamic family therapy OR supportive family therapy OR cognitive behavioral family therapy OR systemic family therapy OR continuation family treatment OR maintenance family treatment OR prophylactic family treatment OR interpersonal family therapy OR cognitive family therapy OR couples therapy OR marital therapy OR spouses treatment

18. Search more than one database
PubMed/MEDLINE is not enough
National, regional and subject-specific databases should be selected for searching according to the topic of the review.

20. Assessing Quality

21. Assessing Quality

22. Assessing Journal Quality
Editorial process, peer review
Directory of Open Access Journals
Impact Factor – Journal Citation Reports (databases page)

23. Assessing Journal Quality
PubMed includes citations from journals not part of MEDLINE
Indexed in MEDLINE
MeSH Terms assigned to article
Search NLM Catalog

30. Assessing Article Quality
ABCDs (Author, Bias, Content, Date)
Critical Appraisal worksheets
see SOAR subject guide:

31. Assessing Article Quality
Highly Cited (Web of Science)

32. Why search Web of Science?
Cites references found in over 6,650 journals
Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1900 to the present.
Advanced search features - cited reference searching, limit by category

33. Assessing Article Quality
Hierarchy of Evidence, study type

34. Study Designs
Primary vs. Secondary Literature Unfiltered vs. Filtered Literature Unsynthesized vs. Synthesized Literature

35. Primary/Unfiltered/Unsynthesized
Report original research (qualitative & quantitative)
Examples: Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports

36. Secondary/Filtered/Synthesized
Draw conclusions from original research
Time-saving, critically appraised for quality
Examples: Systematic reviews, practice guidelines, critically appraised topics

37. Hierarchy of Evidence Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
High Level Evidence
for patient care decisions
Randomized controlled double blind studies
Cohort studies
Case control studies
Low Level Evidence for patient care decisions
Case series, Case reports
Editorials, opinions
Animal research
In vitro (test tube) research

38. Characteristics of a Systematic Review
Comprehensive identification and synthesis of all relevant studies on a given topic
Based on clearly defined search of the literature
Explicit criteria are used to appraise the quality of the papers reviewed
Comprehensive list of all studies included, as well as excluded (with a justification for exclusion)
Findings are analyzed using validated methods, such as a meta-analysis (A statistical technique to combine the results of several suitably similar studies into a single numerical estimate)
Very complete and comprehensive searches are executed. The quality of the methodology of the articles retrieved is closely examined and the outcomes are synthesized as if they were a single, large trial.

39. Animal Research

40. Editorial

41. Case Report

42. Case control study

43. Cohort study

44. Randomized controlled double blind study

45. Systematic review with meta-analysis

46. Assessing Quality Journal Article Peer review
Directory of Open Access Journals
Impact Factor
Indexed in MEDLINE
ABCDs (Author, Bias, Content, Date)
Critical Appraisal worksheets
Highly Cited
Hierarchy of Evidence, study type

47. Clinical Question
Does hand washing among healthcare workers reduce hospital acquired infections?
“Health (Nursing, Medicine, Allied Health): Search Strategies: Framing the question (PICO)”, NYU Libraries.

48. Hospital acquired infection
Search terms
Synonyms
Healthcare workers
Hospital personnel, Health personnel
 Hand washing
Handwashing,
Hand disinfection,
Hand hygiene,
Hand scrubbing
 Hospital acquired infection
Cross infection

49. Search Strategy
(hospital personnel OR healthcare worker OR health personnel) AND (hand washing OR handwashing OR hand disinfection OR hand hygiene OR hand scrubbing) AND (cross infection OR hospital acquired infection)
Filters: Meta-Analysis; Systematic Reviews; Abstract; English

50. PubMed Citations Article published in journal or epub ahead of print
Publisher sends data to PubMed (available in your keyword search results)
Indexers read through it, assign it a handful of subject headings/using MeSH, a controlled vocabulary. (also assign publication types and other filter options)
The article is now indexed. (available in your MeSH search results or search results that you filter)

51. PubMed Check search details of your search
Use synonyms for concepts connected by “OR”
Apply filters to focus your search results
Use similar articles feature to find related articles
View the MeSH headings of an article to find additional search terms

52. EndNote Online
Add citations for journal articles, books, web pages, etc. to your library
Download citations from databases like PubMed
Format citations into bibliographies using your preferred bibliographic style
Organize your references into folders or groups
Share your citations with others

53. https://uscmed.sc.libguides.com/endnote

54. You try it Run a search in PubMed or Web of Science on your topic
Add some citations to your EndNote Library

55. Contact Information
Roz McConnaughy