1. Rebellions in the North 1068-70
Key Enquiry 3: Brutal slaughter- is this how William gained control?
Rebellions in the North
STARTER- what does this source suggest about the main causes of rebellions against Norman rule
EXTENSION: explain what steps William took to deal with the rebellions?

2. What were the northern rebellions?
When William had Matilda crowned as Queen English and Norman knights and lords were present.
William was convinced that England was settling into the pattern that William wanted
Q- what do you think William would want this pattern to be?
Statue in Paris from 19th century of Matilda- Williams devoted Queen

4. What reasons did they have to rebel?
Revenge: family of Godwinson wanted revenge
Pride: many hated foreigners ruling over them
Dispossession: loss of land was a powerful motive as many loss their lands
Disrespect for new lords- French lords who took over from Thegns did not follow English law so were not respected
Taxation- William imposed two heavy taxes in his first two years as King
Loss of status- Earls often retained titles but loss large parts of land and power
Distance- people in the north and west were less aware at first of Williams takeover but when it did hit them they reacted with anger
Numbers- the English far outnumbered their new Norman masters

5. Explain Williams problems and how the North rebelled? ( 1069-1070)
Despite the efforts of William, the remaining Anglos Saxon leaders, earls Edwin and Morcar and Edgar Atheling escaped from William's court and sought support from the north in The north was still semi independent of the south.
Northern earls had not interfered to save Godwin in 1051 or help Edward in 1052 and had thrown out Tostig in They were potentially very dangerous to William’s fragile hold on power at this stage.
William marched north to deal with this threat, establishing castles on his way, in particular a castle at Warwick (in Mercia) seemed to have cut Edwin and Morcar off from the north and compelled them to resubmit to William. When William reached York the rebels fled, including their leader Edgar the Atheling.
In January 1069 rebels burned to death the new Norman Earl of Northumbria Robert of Commines in the bishop's house in Durham. The insurrection spread to York , where the Norman garrison came under attack. Gospatric and Edgar the Atheling quickly joined the rebellion in York. William stormed north and relieved the garrison, the rebels ran in to hiding once again.
In 1069, at the request of Edgar the Atheling a Viking army of 240 ships , led by the brother and sons of Danish King Swegn Estrithsson, landed at the Humber and marched on York. Swegn was the nephew of Canute and Earl Godwin and had been king of Denmark since 1047.
After their landing , Swegn’s sons found much support amongst the native Anglo Scandinavians in the east of England as well as the English including Edgar Atheling. They seized York and their success probably encouraged revolts in Dorset, Somerset, Staffordshire and Cheshire.
Furthermore, the king of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, raided into Northern England, further adding to the mounting crisis facing William. William now faced the possibility of a Scandinavian kingdom in northern England or a separated kingdom created for Edgar, the last prince of the royal house of Wessex.

6. Glue in your books Discuss- how effectively were rebellions dealt with?

7. Title: Rebellions in the North of England Part 2 Answer in full/clear sentences using source evidence (on the next slide)
Q1. How convincing is the interpretation of the Harrying of the North in Source 5? Q6. What actions had William taken to punish the north and how are these portrayed in Source 6? Q7. Why did William deal with the north in such a brutal manner?

9. Use the information on Williams rebellions North in: (highlight key points)
Summer 1068 (castle power, defeat of Harold's sons)
Spring 1069 (invasion on Devon, Yorkshire)
Winter 1069 (Flames spread, Williams three-part plan)

10. How successfully did William deal with rebellions?
Very Somewhat Not Successfully
Write your judgement based on the evidence this lesson

11. Using your knowledge gained today
Write a paragraph to explain
‘Main causes and events of the rebellions in the North ’
Include the following keywords:
Revenge
Rebel
Dispossession
Loss of status
Taxation
Extension- how diverse (showing a great deal of variety; very different) was Anglo-Saxon society?

12. Plenary- reflect on your enquiry focus (10 mins)
Table and Timeline
Using todays learning update your timeline and summarise points on the features table