1. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

2.
Blood Types

3. Personalities by Blood Type

4. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

5. Paternity Testing
Yvonne (BB) is sure that Jonathan (AB) is the father of her baby (AB), but Jonathan disagrees. Could the Jonathan be the father?
Blood tests can not prove that someone is the father, they can only prove WHO IS NOT THE FATHER.

6. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

7. Paternity Blood Test Problems
Let‘s take a break and work on some “Who‘s NOT the daddy??“ problems.
Blood Types & Paternity Tests
Genetic Paternity Tests (optional)

8. Human Pedigrees https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuk0W10EveU
A Pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence of a particular gene amongst a persons’ ancestors from one generation to the next. With the help of a pedigree genetic relationships within a family can be analyzed.
This is very helpful when a genetic disease runs within a family or if one wants to analyse dominant and recessive traits that run in his7her family.
Pedigrees are not only used for human, but also to identify dominant and receissive traits in the blood lines of show dogs and race horses.

9. Human Pedigrees Simple Pedigree Chart Problems
Let‘s take a break and work on:
Simple Pedigree Chart Problems
Advanced – Tracking Genes with Pedigrees

10. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

11. What makes us human?
We have to look inside our cells and take a look at our chromosomes
How many chromosomes do we have
inside each cell?
Humans have 46 chromosomes:
23 from the sperm (father)
23 from the egg (mother)

12. Karyotype Scientists study the human chromosomes by grouping them
A picture of the 46 chromosomes

13. Normal Karyotypes  Which one is male /female?

14. Karyotypes Signs: Down Syndrome Extra copy of chromosome 21
Small, misshaped ears
Small, wide hands,
Round eyes
Small head
Wide space between big toe and the second toes
Overly flexible joints
Shorter than normal height

15. Karyotypes Typical issues: Weak muscles Heart condotion; hole in heart
Kidney malfunction
Hearing problems
Sensitive to infections (weak immune system)
Mental age of about 12 year old
Speech problem

16. What is the cause of abnormal Karyotypes ?
Nondisjunction
Normal - disjunction
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

17. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

18. Chromosomal Disorders
What is the link between DNA bases and genetic disorders?
Many genetic disorders are still a mystery to scientists
Well understood examples:
Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease
A small change in the DNA of a single gene affects the structure of a protein
Causing a serious genetic disorder

19. Chromosomal Disorders
What is the link between DNA bases and genetic disorders?
a change in the DNA of a gene affects the structure of a protein
What is protein?
body tissues such as membranes, muscle, hair, collagen, enzymes, antibodies, blood cells….

20. Chromosomal Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis:
Most common among people with ancestors from Northern Europe
Caused by a recessive allele on chromosome 7

21. Chromosomal Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis:
Symptoms:
Serious digestive problems
Production of a thick, heavy mucus that clogs the lungs

22. Chromosomal Disorders -> Cystic Fibrosis
What is the link between DNA bases and Cystic Fibrosis?
Deletion of 3 bases in the DNA of a gene.
What does that mean?
A small part of the protein is missing (3 bases = 1 Amino Acid)
Protein is channel inside the membrane of the lungs
Channel can not open up, because it is misshaped
Result: formation of mucus in lungs

23. Chromosomal Disorders
Sickle Cell Disease:
Common among African Americans
Bent & twisted shape of a red blood cell
Not as flexible
Get stuck in small blood vessels
Cause of blood clots & stops blood flow

24. Chromosomal Disorders -> Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms
Causes damage to tissues and organs
Pain inside the body
Damages brain & heart
Fatigue
Interesting Fact:
People who are heterozygous are healthy &
Immune against malaria

25. Chromosomal Disorders -> Sickle Cell Disease
What is the link between DNA bases and sickle cell disease?
Just one DNA base is changed

26. Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders
Human Heredity

27. Research: Genetic disorders
Jacobsen syndrome
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Myotonic dystrophy
Huntington disease
Tay-Sachs disease
Fragile –X syndrome
Turner Syndrome
Williams syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Wilson disease
Usher syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Groups of 1 or 2 students
Pick genetic disorder
Conduct research
Create a 5 minute prezi or PPT presentation
Create an informative handout
Present your presentation to the class