1. The Life and Times of Charles Dickens

2. Life in _________- mid 1800’s to the turn of the century
Class Structure in __________ England
1. Upper Class/Wealthy
2. _______________
3. Working Class (________and Unskilled)
4. Under Class
A closer look…

3. Life in England - mid 1800’s to the turn of the century
Class Structure in __________ England
1. Upper Class/Wealthy
2. _______________
3. Working Class (________and Unskilled)
4. Under Class
A closer look…

4. Life in England - mid 1800’s to the turn of the century
Class Structure in Victorian England
1. Upper Class/Wealthy
2. _______________
3. Working Class (________and Unskilled)
4. Under Class
A closer look…

5. Life in England - mid 1800’s to the turn of the century
Class Structure in Victorian England
1. Upper Class/Wealthy
2. Middle Class
3. Working Class (________and Unskilled)
4. Under Class
A closer look…

6. Life in England - mid 1800’s to the turn of the century
Class Structure in Victorian England
1. Upper Class/Wealthy
2. Middle Class
3. Working Class (Skilled and Unskilled)
4. Under Class
A closer look…

7. Upper Class/Wealthy The top class was known as the Upper Class
or ______________.
It included the _________and nobility,
which had great power and wealth.
This class consisted of about ____ percent of the population, but owned the majority of the land.
It included: the royal family, lords, the clergy, great officers of state, and those above the degree of baronet.
These people were ______ into nobility, privileged, and avoided taxes.

8. Upper Class/Wealthy The top class was known as the Upper Class
or Aristocracy.
It included the _________and nobility,
which had great power and wealth.
This class consisted of about ____ percent of the population, but owned the majority of the land.
It included: the royal family, lords, the clergy, great officers of state, and those above the degree of baronet.
These people were ______ into nobility, privileged, and avoided taxes.

9. Upper Class/Wealthy The top class was known as the Upper Class
or Aristocracy.
It included the church and nobility,
which had great power and wealth.
This class consisted of about ____ percent of the population, but owned the majority of the land.
It included: the royal family, lords, the clergy, great officers of state, and those above the degree of baronet.
These people were ______ into nobility, privileged, and avoided taxes.

10. Upper Class/Wealthy The top class was known as the Upper Class
or Aristocracy.
It included the church and nobility,
which had great power and wealth.
This class consisted of about two percent of the population, but owned the majority of the land.
It included: the royal family, lords, the clergy, great officers of state, and those above the degree of baronet.
These people were ______ into nobility, privileged, and avoided taxes.

11. Upper Class/Wealthy The top class was known as the Upper Class
or Aristocracy.
It included the church and nobility,
which had great power and wealth.
This class consisted of about two percent of the population, but owned the majority of the land.
It included: the royal family, lords, the clergy, great officers of state, and those above the degree of baronet.
These people were born into nobility, privileged, and avoided taxes.

12. Middle Class/Bourgeoisie
The middle class consisted of the bourgeoisie – also referring to the _________________class.
It was made up of factory owners, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants, lawyers, engineers, businessmen, traders, and other professionals.
These people could sometimes be extremely rich, but in normal circumstances they were not ___________, and they especially resented this.
There was a very large ____ between the middle class and the lower class.

13. Middle Class/Bourgeoisie
The middle class consisted of the bourgeoisie – also referring to the middle working class.
It was made up of factory owners, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants, lawyers, engineers, businessmen, traders, and other professionals.
These people could sometimes be extremely rich, but in normal circumstances they were not ___________, and they especially resented this.
There was a very large ____ between the middle class and the lower class.

14. Middle Class/Bourgeoisie
The middle class consisted of the bourgeoisie – also referring to the middle working class.
It was made up of factory owners, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants, lawyers, engineers, businessmen, traders, and other professionals.
These people could sometimes be extremely rich, but in normal circumstances they were not privileged, and they especially resented this.
There was a very large ____ between the middle class and the lower class.

15. Middle Class/Bourgeoisie
The middle class consisted of the bourgeoisie – also referring to the middle working class.
It was made up of factory owners, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants, lawyers, engineers, businessmen, traders, and other professionals.
These people could sometimes be extremely rich, but in normal circumstances they were not privileged, and they especially resented this.
There was a very large gap between the middle class and the lower class.

16. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the __________________ class.
The lower class contained men, women, and ___________ performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about _____ percent of the population but only owned ______ than _____ percent of the land.

17. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the Proletarian class.
The lower class contained men, women, and ___________ performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about _____ percent of the population but only owned ______ than _____ percent of the land.

18. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the Proletarian class.
The lower class contained men, women, and children performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about _____ percent of the population but only owned ______ than _____ percent of the land.

19. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the Proletarian class.
The lower class contained men, women, and children performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about 85 percent of the population but only owned ______ than _____ percent of the land.

20. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the Proletarian class.
The lower class contained men, women, and children performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about 85 percent of the population but only owned less than _____ percent of the land.

21. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
“The working class” or skilled laborers were above the unskilled class- but not by much. This class is also referred to as the Proletarian class.
The lower class contained men, women, and children performing many types of labor, including factory workers, seamstresses, sweepers, miners, and others.
Like the middle class, the lower class also had to endure a large burden of tax.
This third class consisted of about 85 percent of the population but only owned less than 50 percent of the land.

22. Working Class Skilled Woman

23. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
The working class unskilled laborers contained many men, women, and children with no particular _____.
These people typically did ________ that did not last long.
Many unskilled laborers were a step away from being ________ and occasionally spent time on the streets.

24. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
The working class unskilled laborers contained many men, women, and children with no particular skill.
These people typically did ________ that did not last long.
Many unskilled laborers were a step away from being ________ and occasionally spent time on the streets.

25. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
The working class unskilled laborers contained many men, women, and children with no particular skill.
These people typically did odd jobs that did not last long.
Many unskilled laborers were a step away from being ________ and occasionally spent time on the streets.

26. Working Class ( Skilled and Un-skilled)
The working class unskilled laborers contained many men, women, and children with no particular skill.
These people typically did odd jobs that did not last long.
Many unskilled laborers were a step away from being homeless and occasionally spent time on the streets.

27. Under Class
The Under Class is also “___________” (those who were not working, and were receiving public charity).
This was considered a submerged "under class" sometimes referred to as the "sunken people"-- which lived in ___________.
The under class were more susceptible to exploitation and were therefore exploited.
These people often starved to ______ on the streets or died from malnutrition or disease.

28. Under Class
The Under Class is also “the poor” (those who were not working, and were receiving public charity).
This was considered a submerged "under class" sometimes referred to as the "sunken people"-- which lived in ___________.
The under class were more susceptible to exploitation and were therefore exploited.
These people often starved to ______ on the streets or died from malnutrition or disease.

29. Under Class
The Under Class is also “the poor” (those who were not working, and were receiving public charity).
This was considered a submerged "under class" sometimes referred to as the "sunken people"-- which lived in poverty.
The under class were more susceptible to exploitation and were therefore exploited.
These people often starved to ______ on the streets or died from malnutrition or disease.

30. Under Class
The Under Class is also “the poor” (those who were not working, and were receiving public charity).
This was considered a submerged "under class" sometimes referred to as the "sunken people"-- which lived in poverty.
The under class were more susceptible to exploitation and were therefore exploited.
These people often starved to death on the streets or died from malnutrition or disease.

31. Streets of London

32. The Industrial Revolution
During the 1800s the ___________________________ spread throughout Britain.
The use of steam-powered machines, led to a massive increase in the number of _____________ (particularly in textile factories or mills).

33. The Industrial Revolution
During the 1800s the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Britain.
The use of steam-powered machines, led to a massive increase in the number of _____________ (particularly in textile factories or mills).

34. The Industrial Revolution
During the 1800s the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Britain.
The use of steam-powered machines, led to a massive increase in the number of factories (particularly in textile factories or mills).

35. From Country to City
As the number of factories grew, people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid _____.
Cities were filled to overflowing and, ________ was particularly bad.
People crowded into already crowded houses. Rooms were _______ to whole families or perhaps several families. If there were no rooms to rent, people stayed in lodging houses.

36. From Country to City
As the number of factories grew, people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid work.
Cities were filled to overflowing and, ________ was particularly bad.
People crowded into already crowded houses. Rooms were _______ to whole families or perhaps several families. If there were no rooms to rent, people stayed in lodging houses.

37. From Country to City
As the number of factories grew, people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid work.
Cities were filled to overflowing and, London was particularly bad.
People crowded into already crowded houses. Rooms were _______ to whole families or perhaps several families. If there were no rooms to rent, people stayed in lodging houses.

38. From Country to City
As the number of factories grew, people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid work.
Cities were filled to overflowing and, London was particularly bad.
People crowded into already crowded houses. Rooms were rented to whole families or perhaps several families. If there were no rooms to rent, people stayed in lodging houses.

39. Child Labor
Children worked in ____________ carrying large buckets of coal around on their backs, or they worked sitting down in the mine alone to open the door for a coal cart passing through.
Many factory workers were children. They worked _____ hours and were often treated ______ by the supervisors or overseers.
In match factories, children were employed to dip matches into a chemical called phosphorous. This phosphorous could cause their teeth to rot and some died from the effect of breathing it into their lungs.

40. Child Labor
Children worked in coal mines carrying large buckets of coal around on their backs, or they worked sitting down in the mine alone to open the door for a coal cart passing through.
Many factory workers were children. They worked _____ hours and were often treated ______ by the supervisors or overseers.
In match factories, children were employed to dip matches into a chemical called phosphorous. This phosphorous could cause their teeth to rot and some died from the effect of breathing it into their lungs.

41. Child Labor
Children worked in coal mines carrying large buckets of coal around on their backs, or they worked sitting down in the mine alone to open the door for a coal cart passing through.
Many factory workers were children. They worked long hours and were often treated ______ by the supervisors or overseers.
In match factories, children were employed to dip matches into a chemical called phosphorous. This phosphorous could cause their teeth to rot and some died from the effect of breathing it into their lungs.

42. Child Labor
Children worked in coal mines carrying large buckets of coal around on their backs, or they worked sitting down in the mine alone to open the door for a coal cart passing through.
Many factory workers were children. They worked long hours and were often treated badly by the supervisors or overseers.
In match factories, children were employed to dip matches into a chemical called phosphorous. This phosphorous could cause their teeth to rot and some died from the effect of breathing it into their lungs.

43. Child Labor
The mill owners often took in orphans to their workhouses, they __________ at the mill and were worked as hard as possible.
They spent most of their working hours at the machines with little time for __________ or exercise. Even part of Sunday was spent cleaning machines.
There were some serious _________ , some children were scalped when their hair was caught in the machine, hands were crushed and some children were killed when they went to sleep and fell into the machine.

44. Child Labor
The mill owners often took in orphans to their workhouses, they lived at the mill and were worked as hard as possible.
They spent most of their working hours at the machines with little time for __________ or exercise. Even part of Sunday was spent cleaning machines.
There were some serious _________ , some children were scalped when their hair was caught in the machine, hands were crushed and some children were killed when they went to sleep and fell into the machine.

45. Child Labor
The mill owners often took in orphans to their workhouses, they lived at the mill and were worked as hard as possible.
They spent most of their working hours at the machines with little time for fresh air or exercise. Even part of Sunday was spent cleaning machines.
There were some serious _________ , some children were scalped when their hair was caught in the machine, hands were crushed and some children were killed when they went to sleep and fell into the machine.

46. Child Labor
The mill owners often took in orphans to their workhouses, they lived at the mill and were worked as hard as possible.
They spent most of their working hours at the machines with little time for fresh air or exercise. Even part of Sunday was spent cleaning machines.
There were some serious accidents; some children were scalped when their hair was caught in the machine, hands were crushed and some children were killed when they went to sleep and fell into the machine.

47. Child Labor
When young boys first started working as chimney sweeps between ____ and ___ years old, they suffered many cuts, grazes and bruises on their knees, elbows, and thighs however after months of suffering their skin became hardened.

48. Child Labor
When young boys first started working as chimney sweeps between five and ___ years old, they suffered many cuts, grazes and bruises on their knees, elbows, and thighs however after months of suffering their skin became hardened.

49. Child Labor
When young boys first started working as chimney sweeps between five and 10 years old, they suffered many cuts, grazes and bruises on their knees, elbows, and thighs however after months of suffering their skin became hardened.

50. Street Kids
Hordes of dirty, ragged children roamed the streets with no regular money and no home to go to. The children of the streets were often ________ with no-one to care for them.
They stole or picked pockets to buy food and slept in ________ or _________ .    Some street children did jobs to earn money.
They could work as crossing-sweepers, sweeping a way through the mud and horse dung of the main paths to make way for ladies and gentlemen. Others sold lace, flowers, matches or muffins out in the _________.

51. Street Kids
Hordes of dirty, ragged children roamed the streets with no regular money and no home to go to. The children of the streets were often orphans with no-one to care for them.
They stole or picked pockets to buy food and slept in ________ or _________ .    Some street children did jobs to earn money.
They could work as crossing-sweepers, sweeping a way through the mud and horse dung of the main paths to make way for ladies and gentlemen. Others sold lace, flowers, matches or muffins out in the _________.

52. Street Kids
Hordes of dirty, ragged children roamed the streets with no regular money and no home to go to. The children of the streets were often orphans with no-one to care for them.
They stole or picked pockets to buy food and slept in outhouses or _________ .    Some street children did jobs to earn money.
They could work as crossing-sweepers, sweeping a way through the mud and horse dung of the main paths to make way for ladies and gentlemen. Others sold lace, flowers, matches or muffins out in the _________.

53. Street Kids
Hordes of dirty, ragged children roamed the streets with no regular money and no home to go to. The children of the streets were often orphans with no-one to care for them.
They stole or picked pockets to buy food and slept in outhouses or doorways.    Some street children did jobs to earn money.
They could work as crossing-sweepers, sweeping a way through the mud and horse dung of the main paths to make way for ladies and gentlemen. Others sold lace, flowers, matches or muffins out in the _________.

54. Street Kids
Hordes of dirty, ragged children roamed the streets with no regular money and no home to go to. The children of the streets were often orphans with no-one to care for them.
They stole or picked pockets to buy food and slept in outhouses or doorways.    Some street children did jobs to earn money.
They could work as crossing-sweepers, sweeping a way through the mud and horse dung of the main paths to make way for ladies and gentlemen. Others sold lace, flowers, matches or muffins out in the streets.

55. The Life of Charles Dickens

56. The Life of Charles Dickens Charles Dickens was born on _________________. His father, John Dickens, was a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father continuously lived beyond his means and was ____________ for debt in 1824.

57. The Life of Charles Dickens Charles Dickens was born on February 7, His father, John Dickens, was a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father continuously lived beyond his means and was ____________ for debt in 1824.

58. The Life of Charles Dickens Charles Dickens was born on February 7, His father, John Dickens, was a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father continuously lived beyond his means and was imprisoned for debt in 1824.

59. The Life of Charles Dickens
When Charles was ___, he was pulled out of school to work in a boot-blacking factory to support the family. He glued the labels onto the bottles of boot black for six shillings a day.
Wow! Today, One Shilling would = ____ pennies!
So in ONE MONTH of factory work Charles made an estimated 144 Pence which would = ______ today!

60. The Life of Charles Dickens
When Charles was 12, he was pulled out of school to work in a boot-blacking factory to support the family. He glued the labels onto the bottles of boot black for six shillings a day.
Wow! Today, One Shilling would = ____ pennies!
So in ONE MONTH of factory work Charles made an estimated 144 Pence which would = ______ today!

61. The Life of Charles Dickens
When Charles was 12, he was pulled out of school to work in a boot-blacking factory to support the family. He glued the labels onto the bottles of boot black for six shillings a day.
Wow! Today, One Shilling would = 12 pennies!
So in ONE MONTH of factory work Charles made an estimated 144 Pence which would = ______ today!

62. The Life of Charles Dickens
When Charles was 12, he was pulled out of school to work in a boot-blacking factory to support the family. He glued the labels onto the bottles of boot black for six shillings a day.
Wow! Today, One Shilling would = 12 pennies!
So in ONE MONTH of factory work Charles made an estimated 144 Pence which would = $17.28 today!

63. Dickens begins to Write
Dickens has said that his time ________ and living alone in a boarding house traumatized him for the rest of his life.
Dickens eventually returned to school at Wellington House Academy in __________.
Dickens began submitting material to the British Press where he was paid a ________ a line. He was not unlike a reporter for a newspaper today.

64. Dickens begins to Write
Dickens has said that his time working and living alone in a boarding house traumatized him for the rest of his life.
Dickens eventually returned to school at Wellington House Academy in __________.
Dickens began submitting material to the British Press where he was paid a ________ a line. He was not unlike a reporter for a newspaper today.

65. Dickens begins to Write
Dickens has said that his time working and living alone in a boarding house traumatized him for the rest of his life.
Dickens eventually returned to school at Wellington House Academy in London.
Dickens began submitting material to the British Press where he was paid a ________ a line. He was not unlike a reporter for a newspaper today.

66. Dickens begins to Write
Dickens has said that his time working and living alone in a boarding house traumatized him for the rest of his life.
Dickens eventually returned to school at Wellington House Academy in London.
Dickens began submitting material to the British Press where he was paid a penny a line. He was not unlike a reporter for a newspaper today.

67. Dickens Begins to Write Some professional works and gains
Dickens's career as a writer of fiction started in _____ when his short stories and essays to appeared in periodicals.
Dickens proved to be a prolific writer writing _____ novels, plays, short stories, and essays.
Some of his more famous works include:
Oliver Twist 1837
Nicholas Nickelby 1838
A Christmas Carol _____
David Copperfield 1849
A Tale of Two Cities 1859
Great Expectations 1860

68. Dickens Begins to Write Some professional works and gains
Dickens's career as a writer of fiction started in 1833 when his short stories and essays to appeared in periodicals.
Dickens proved to be a prolific writer writing _____ novels, plays, short stories, and essays.
Some of his more famous works include:
Oliver Twist 1837
Nicholas Nickelby 1838
A Christmas Carol _____
David Copperfield 1849
A Tale of Two Cities 1859
Great Expectations 1860

69. Dickens Begins to Write Some professional works and gains
Dickens's career as a writer of fiction started in 1833 when his short stories and essays to appeared in periodicals.
Dickens proved to be a prolific writer writing 20 novels, plays, short stories, and essays.
Some of his more famous works include:
Oliver Twist 1837
Nicholas Nickelby 1838
A Christmas Carol _____
David Copperfield 1849
A Tale of Two Cities 1859
Great Expectations 1860

70. Dickens Begins to Write Some professional works and gains
Dickens's career as a writer of fiction started in 1833 when his short stories and essays to appeared in periodicals.
Dickens proved to be a prolific writer writing 20 novels, plays, short stories, and essays.
Some of his more famous works include:
Oliver Twist 1837
Nicholas Nickelby 1838
A Christmas Carol 1843
David Copperfield 1849
A Tale of Two Cities 1859
Great Expectations 1860

71. Personal Life Dickens married Catherine Hogart in _______.
Catherine’s _______, Mary, moved into their house, and it was suspected that Dickens was in love with her.
Mary died in 1837, and a heartbroken Dickens requested to __________________ next to her.
Mary has appeared in his books, but usually as a good-hearted character.

72. Personal Life Dickens married Catherine Hogart in 1836.
Catherine’s _______, Mary, moved into their house, and it was suspected that Dickens was in love with her.
Mary died in 1837, and a heartbroken Dickens requested to __________________ next to her.
Mary has appeared in his books, but usually as a good-hearted character.

73. Personal Life Dickens married Catherine Hogart in 1836.
Catherine’s sister, Mary, moved into their house, and it was suspected that Dickens was in love with her.
Mary died in 1837, and a heartbroken Dickens requested to __________________ next to her.
Mary has appeared in his books, but usually as a good-hearted character.

74. Personal Life Dickens married Catherine Hogart in 1836.
Catherine’s sister, Mary, moved into their house, and it was suspected that Dickens was in love with her.
Mary died in 1837, and a heartbroken Dickens requested to be buried next to her.
Mary has appeared in his books, but usually as a good-hearted character.

75. Personal Life
Dickens had ___ children with Catherine, but they separated in 1858.
In the 1850s, Dickens spent much time traveling and campaigning against many of the _________________ of his time. In addition he gave talks and readings, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters.
From 1860 until the time of his death, Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent.
He died at Gadshill on _______________.

76. Personal Life
Dickens had 10 children with Catherine, but they separated in 1858.
In the 1850s, Dickens spent much time traveling and campaigning against many of the _________________ of his time. In addition he gave talks and readings, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters.
From 1860 until the time of his death, Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent.
He died at Gadshill on _______________.

77. Personal Life
Dickens had 10 children with Catherine, but they separated in 1858.
In the 1850s, Dickens spent much time traveling and campaigning against many of the social evils of his time. In addition he gave talks and readings, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters.
From 1860 until the time of his death, Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent.
He died at Gadshill on _______________.

78. Personal Life
Dickens had 10 children with Catherine, but they separated in 1858.
In the 1850s, Dickens spent much time traveling and campaigning against many of the social evils of his time. In addition he gave talks and readings, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters.
From 1860 until the time of his death, Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent.
He died at Gadshill on June 9, 1870.

79. Personal Life His last work…
Dickens died before he finished his last work called The Mystery of Edwin Drood.
The novel was left unfinished, and the ending remains unknown.

80. Personal Life His last work…
Dickens died before he finished his last work called The Mystery of Edwin Drood.
The novel was left ____________, and the ending remains ______________.

81. Personal Life His last work…
Dickens died before he finished his last work called The Mystery of Edwin Drood.
The novel was left unfinished and the ending remains ______________.

82. Personal Life His last work…
Dickens died before he finished his last work called The Mystery of Edwin Drood.
The novel was left unfinished and the ending remains unknown.

83. A Christmas Carol Characters
Bah! Humbug! Ebenezer Scrooge

84. Tiny Tim
God Bless Us, Every One…