1. Monitoring and evaluation Part 1 Lecture 10

2. Appraisal Vs Evaluation  Appraisal is before an activity takes place  Evaluation after the activity has taken place/after completion  It is to find-out what? How? And whether an improvement is required?

3. TYPES OF EVALUATION  Summative evaluation  Formative evaluation  Each evaluation that is carried out must have an objective  The type of methodology used depends on the objectives

4. WHY EVALUATION  To determine whether an activity is worth carrying out. In case of formative, it is to determine whether an activity should continue or not.  When an activity is finished, a summative evaluation can be carried out to determine whether an activity achieved its objective  Whether modification can be carried of the activity might make a difference to the performance  Whether related activity should be carried out

5. PRACTICE Objective: Increase antenatal coverage from 60% - 80% of the population by 2020  What are the alternative approaches available? Subsidiary Objectives  Increase Nurse/Doctor to Population ratio or Nurse/Doctor to patient ratio  Bridge inequity gaps Alternative options  Centralized delivery points in strategic communities  Outreach  Telemedicine

6. PRACTICE Decision criteria  Reachability  Accessibility  Cultural/ethnic barriers  Available at all times  Cost effective to provide Resources

7. PRACTICE  Essential question include whether an activity achieved its purpose or not, if not why  There are a number of reasons why an activity may fail to achieve its objectives  It is important to distinguish between them  Failure to achieve the objective may occur at any of the following levels  Inputs (Resources)

8. INPUTS  This seeks to find out whether resources planned to be used were available and if not why?  Did planned inputs (resources) arrive? Whether they were adequate or inadequate  Were they sufficient to provide the planned services?  Were resources transformed into services? This may be due to poor management

9. OUTPUTS  This is the second set of questions to ascertain whether the services were actually provided in the form planned and if not, why?  Where the services provided:  Appropriate  Relevant  Adequate for the task required  It considers questions similar to those of appraisal with respect to quality, quantity, efficiency, acceptability, socio-economic, distributional, gender effect and technical difficulties

10. OUTCOME EFFecTS  What are/were the objectives of the activity being evaluated  Were the set objectives achieved? If not, why?  What were the direct results of the intervention and were there any improvements?  Were there any other effect of the intervention?

11. DESIGNING OF METHODOLY Four (4) stages to designing methodology STAGE 1  Set out the evaluation questions, the required indicators. The following information may be required  Baseline information – describe prior situation  Outcome information – describe after situation  Input information – describe resources used  Process information – implementation process of the activities

12. DESIGNING OF METHODOLY STAGE 2  Determining measures for answering each questions. This depends on the indicators required  They can be qualitative or quantitative and may be collected using different data collection methods STAGE 3  Determine how information relating to indicators will be obtained

13. DESIGNING OF METHODOLY STAGE 4  Who should carry out the evaluation? This answers question on how and who will assess the information  To answer this question, two main things to do include;  Determining the skills required  Will it help to involve people who engage in the activity? Or it will not help?

14. THE THREE BROAD GROUPS OF EVALUATORS  Outsiders – not directly involved  Insiders – were involved in the activity  Wider stakeholders, such as users, community members/beneficiaries