1. Föstudagsfundur Barnadeildar 17.nóvember 2006 Ingi Hrafn Guðmundsson
Basophilar
Föstudagsfundur Barnadeildar
17.nóvember 2006
Ingi Hrafn Guðmundsson

2. Hvít blóðkorn (leukocytar)
Sjá um varnir líkamans
Leukocytar
Granulocytar Lymphocytar
Neutrophilar Lymphocytar
Eosinophilar Monocytar
Basophilar
The term granulocyte is due to the presence of granules in the cytoplasm of these cells. In the different types of granulocytes, the granules are different and help us to distinguish them. In fact, these granules have a different affinity towards neutral, acid or basic stains and give the cytoplasm different colors. So, granulocytes distinguish themselves in neutrophil, eosinophil (or acidophil) and basophil. The lymphoid cells, instead, distinguish themselves in lymphocytes and monocytes. As we will see later, even the shape of the nucleus helps us in the recognition of the leukocytes.

3. Hvít blóðkorn
Hver og ein undirtegund er í mismiklum mæli í blóðrásinni:
Neutrophilar %
Eosinophilar %
Basophilar 0,5 - 1 %
Lymphocytar %
Monocytar %

4. Blóðhagur
Niðurstaða
Viðmiðunarmörk
Einingar
B-Hvít blóðkorn
5,9
4,0-10,5
x10E9/L
B-Rauð blóðkorn
4,62
4,30-5,80
x10E12/L
B-Hemóglóbín
142
g/L
B-Hematókrít
0,42
0,39-0,50
L/L
B-MCV 90
80-97 fL
B-MCH
30,7
26,5-33,5 pg
B-MCHC
341
B-RDW
11,8
10,6-13,2
B-Blóðflögur
301
B-MPV
9,7*
5,8-9,4
B-Neutrófílar
2,8
1,9-7,0
B-Lymfócytar
2,3
1,1-4,0
B-Mónócýtar
0,6
0,3-0,9
B-Eósínófílar
0,2
<0,5
B-Basófílar
0,0
<0,2

5. B-Basófílar 0,0 <0,2 Blóðhagur Niðurstaða Viðmiðunarmörk Einingar
B-Hvít blóðkorn
5,9
4,0-10,5
x10E9/L
B-Rauð blóðkorn
4,62
4,30-5,80
x10E12/L
B-Hemóglóbín
142
g/L
B-Hematókrít
0,42
0,39-0,50
L/L
B-MCV 90
80-97 fL
B-MCH
30,7
26,5-33,5 pg
B-MCHC
341
B-RDW
11,8
10,6-13,2
B-Blóðflögur
301
B-MPV
9,7*
5,8-9,4
B-Neutrófílar
2,8
1,9-7,0
B-Lymfócytar
2,3
1,1-4,0
B-Mónócýtar
0,6
0,3-0,9
B-Eósínófílar
0,2
<0,5
B-Basófílar
0,0
<0,2

6. Lítið rannsakaðir og eiginlega ekkert vitað hvað þeir gera
Lítið rannsakaðir og eiginlega ekkert vitað hvað þeir gera.....tekur því eitthvað að ræða þetta???

7. Fyrstur var...

8. Veistu, ég held að það sé best fyrir þig að tala við blóðmeinafræðingana...

9. síðan...

10. Sko, þessum basophilum var eiginlega bara alveg sleppt í hematologiunni...

11. og að lokum...

12. Basophilar!?! Neineinei, ég er allur í eosinophilunum...

14. en....

15. Þetta er bara svo svakalega
interessant!!

16. Uppruni Basophilar eiga uppruna að rekja til beinmergs.
Myndast frá hemocytoblöstum (pluripotent stem cell), eins og öll hin hvítu blóðkornin.

17. Basophils are derived from a hemocytoblast, which differentiates in the bone marrow to form a myeloid stem cell, a myeloblast, a promyelocyte, a basophilic promyelocyte and a basophilic band cell which leaves the marrow and eventually differentiates in the circulation to become a basophil. It takes 3 to 7 days for a basophil to develop and they have a highly variable lifespan from a few hours to a few days.

18. Bygging
9-10 µm í þvermál.
Mikið af granulum í umfrymi sem taka upp dökkfjólubláan lit.
Kjarninn er tví- eða þrílappa, getur verið erfitt að sjá hann vegna fjölda granula sem hylja hann.
and they are easily recognized in a stained blood smear by the large, coarse histamine-containing granules in their cytoplasm. These granules have an affinity for the basic dyes and they stain purplish-black. Basophils are very similar to the granulated mast cells present in tissues. Mast cells are found concentrated in the connective tissue of the skin, lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Although basophils and mast cells appear to be very similar, they do arise from different cell lines.

20. Starfsemi
Virkni ekki vel þekkt. Vitað að þeir taka þátt í ofnæmissvari af tegund 1. Hafa Fc viðtaka á yfirborði sínu sem eru mjög næmir fyrir IgE. Krosstenging IgE veldur því að basophilar losa mediatora eins og heparín og histamín. Verka því svipað og mastfrumur, nema að þeir eru í blóðinu en ekki vefjunum.

22. Mast cells reside in tissues in the body, and basophils are in the blood stream. Both mast cells and basophils have over 100,000 receptors that are specific for the IgE antibody. When an allergen (antigen) enters the immune system, the antigen binds to these IgE receptors on the surface of the cells. When the allergic individual is reexposed to the same allergen that initiated the response, the IgE is able to bind to that allergen. When two IgE antibodies next to each other bind to the antigen, this interaction "wiggles" the membrane and causes the degranulation of the mast cell or basophil. Degranulation means the breaking down of the mast cell or basophil.
As degranulation occurs, it causes the mast cell or basophil to release a series of chemicals that orchestrate the allergic reaction. Within every mast cell or basophil are 500 to 1500 granules containing more than thirty different allergy-causing chemicals. The best known chemical that is released is histamine. Histamine causes itching if released in the skin, wheezing if released in the lung, and contributes to a loss of blood pressure if released throughout the body.
Leukotrienes are also released, and they act similar to histamines. Cytokines are also released, and one of the cytokines released by the basophil is interleukin-4, which is believed to be responsible for telling the body to make more IgE. (See Allergic Rhinitis for effects of allergy causing chemicals on the body). The intensity of this immune response is one of the many reasons that antihistamines alone do not work for most allergic disease.

23. Mikilvægi basophila í bráðu ofnæmissvari

24. Basophilar = Mastfrumur
Ekki tissue counterparts of basophils
Hafa svipaða eiginleika
High affinity Fc receptors for IgE
Hlutverk í ofnæmissvari
Histamín
Developmental, phenotypic, and functional differences.
Almost certainly arise from a common bone marrow stem cell.

25. Basophilar = Mastfrumur
Whereas the conditions required for maturation of the basophil are unclear, the phenotype of tissue mast cells is controlled by the local cytokine environment. Mucosal mast cells containing tryptase (MCT cells) mature under the influence of interleukins 3 and 4, but connective tissue mast cells containing tryptase and chymase (MCTC) require the presence of fibroblasts.

26. Basophilar = Mastfrumur
Leukotrien C Prostaglandin D2
IL-4 og IL IL-1,-3–8,-10,-13, GM-CSF, IFN-g, TNF-alfa

27. IL-4
Seytt af TH2 frumum.
Sérstaklega virkt á active og resting B frumur.
Upphaflega kallað B cel stimulating factor.
Áhrif á activeraðar B frumur:
Stimulerar fjölgun og differentiation → hvetur til antibody class switch. B fruma sem er einungis örvuð af IL-4 verður að plasma frumu sem seytir IgE og öðrum allergy tengdum mótefnum.
Eykur tjáningu á MHC II í resting B frumum og macrophögum.
IL-4 vikar á IL-10 þannig að virkni virkra macrophage minnkar.

28. Leukotrien C4
SRS: "slow reaction smooth muscle-stimulating substance“ var upphaflega lýst á árunum af Feldberg og Kellaway. Þeir einangruðu SRS úr lungnavef eftir langvarandi útsetningu fyrir snákaeitri og histamíni.
Leukotriene - Bengt Samuelsson árið 1979 – sænskur biokemisti.
Myndað úr arakídonsýru.
Nafn vísar til as cystein í byggingu þess.
Herpir saman berkjur og eykur permeability háræða. Eykur slímseytun í loftvegnum og görn. Chemoattractant fyrir leukocyta á bólgustað.
Hluta til brotið niður í local vef - að lokum í lifur.

29. Aukning á Basophilum - Basophilia
Viral infections (e.g. Varicella)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hemolytic Anemia
Following splenectomy
Myeloproliferative disease
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Polycythemia Vera
Myelofibrosis
Inflammatory processes
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chronic dermatitis
Asthma
Chronic Sinusitis
Endocrine causes
Hypothyroidism
Increased Estrogen

30. Lækkun á Basophilum Stress Hypersensitivity Reaction Corticosteroids
Pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism

31. Basophilar og MS
Nýlegar rannsóknir sýna að basophilar og mast frumur geti spilað hlutverk í eyðingu á myelíni í MS
( - síðast breytt 2001)
There is relatively little literature on basophils in health and disease. This is partly because they are present in low numbers in peripheral blood and are difficult to quantify accurately with automated differentials. Basophils and mast cells cannot be distinguished easily in tissue with conventional stains.

32. Acute basophilic leukemia
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