1. What were the Driving Forces of Industrialization and How did if Affect American Society?
U.S. History & Government
11th Grade Boys & Girls
Al-Madinah School
August 27, 2019

2. Driving forces of 2nd Industrialization
What factors are necessary for industrialization?
A wealth of natural resources,
Inventions and entrepreneurship
government support for business,
and a growing urban population
that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products.

3. Driving forces of 2nd Industrialization
Natural Resources:
Abraham Gesner distilled kerosene from oil in the 1840s
Edwin Drake used steam engine to drill oil in 1859
Oil boom followed in many states
Coal and iron were also in abundance

4. Driving forces of 2nd Industrialization
Bessemer Process helped mass production of Steel from Iron, developed independently by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly.
It was later replaced by open-heart process.

5. Uses of Steel Railroad tracks Barbed wire Steel plow
New Construction projects
Brooklyn Bridge
Skyscrapers from Steel (William Le Baron Jenny)

6. New Inventions promote change
This inexpensive, convenient source of energy soon became available in homes and spurred the invention of time-saving appliances.
Electricity (light bulbs, electric fans, printing presses, etc.(
Electric streetcars made urban travel cheap and efficient and also promoted the outward spread of cities.
By 1890, electric power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses.
Electric power helped shift factories away from rivers.

7. Changes in Lifestyles due to new inventions
Typewriter by Christopher Sholes
Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
These two inventions created jobs for women – clerical jobs
Workers gained some powers

8. Answer the following questions now
What led to the nation’s oil boom?
What was the Bessemer Process and how did it boom the steel production?
What some new uses of steel in the United States?
How did the harnessing of electricity transform American business?
How did new inventions and products affect people at home and work?

9. Homework
Questions 1 & 2 on page 439

10. What Role Did Railroads Play in Economic Growth, and Legal Development of the Nation?
11th grade boys/girls | Br. Siraj
United States History and Government / Tuesday, August 27, 2019

11. Role of railroads
The Country was united after Transcontinental railroad was completed
By 1890 there were more than 180,000 miles of railroads
Standardization of time
The World should be divided into24 time zones. U.S. had four.
Congress approved the railroad time in 1918

12. Opportunities and Problems Related to Railroads
Growth of New Towns and market Places
Railroads helped the nationwide marketing opportunities
Cities expanded
New cities were built.
Ex. George Pullman
Scandal
Credit Mobilier

13. Legal and Social Battle of the Railroads
Grange Movement and Railroads
Farmers were unhappy with railroads
Misuse of land grants
Fixing prices to keep farmers in Debt
Charging different customers different prices
Granger Laws were passed to control the railroads
Munn Vs. Illinois: Supreme Court Upheld the Granger laws of Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Set Federal Control over railroads

14. Homework
Questions 1 and 2 on page 446