1. Community Mobilization and Participation Cycle
Presented by Susan Wong, CDD Global Lead
Contributions by: Maria Loreta Padua and Vara Vemuru
March 1, 2018

2. Session Overview Learning Objective
Pre-entry Activities: Targeting, engagement with local government; staff deployment
Community Mobilization and Participation (CMP) Cycle: Principles, stages and corresponding output objectives, key processes and critical considerations

3. Session Objectives
Familiarize with key principles and features of the community mobilization and participation cycle
Identify key challenges or pitfalls in community mobilization and corresponding measures to address such issues

4. Key principles of CMP Cycle
Iterative – moves back and forth through stages of cycle
Cyclical – repeated exercise of core stages of CMP to build community capacity
Proceeds from simple to complex;
Progressive transfer management from external facilitator to community leaders

5. Community-based monitoring
Social
Preparation
Community-based monitoring
COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION & PARTICIPATION CYCLE
Community-managed implementation
Community planning

6. Pre-entry activities Formalizing engagement with local government
Training and deployment of facilitators
Social investigation

7. Pre-entry: Engaging Local Government
Program orientation
Clarifying institutional/partnership arrangements (esp. counterparts)
Formalizing entry (e.g., memo of agreement)
Introducing the team

8. Pre-entry: Deployment of community facilitators
Formalizing deployment – matching community worker with area based on:
Geographic characteristics;
Socio-cultural factors
Language considerations
Security considerations
Making logistics arrangements (e.g. housing, transportation)

9. Community-based monitoring
Social
Preparation
Community-based monitoring
COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION & PARTICIPATION CYCLE
Community-managed implementation
Community planning

10. Social Preparation Participants:
All villagers or % of HHs in village assembly
Project can prescribe participation rate/ conditions e.g. quorum
Make sure women & marginalized groups
are adequately represented
Elect various committees (project support, FM, procurement, grievance, monitoring)

11. Social Preparation Core activities:
Integration of Community Facilitator(CF)
Village assembly for program orientation
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), e.g,
Community map
Venn diagram
Wealth ranking
Assembly to validate PRA results

12. Community Planning Participants: Community volunteers
All villagers or % of HHs during assembly
Reps. of key government agencies as resource persons during project development or for technical review of subprojects
Village reps to inter-village forum

13. Community Planning Core Activities:
Prepare multi-year Village Development Plan
Select specific subproject priorities
Selection of representatives to inter-village forum
Organization of inter-village forum
Inter-village forum or meeting to prioritize subprojects
Prepare detailed subproject designs for infrastructure
Technical engineering design
Social and environmental safeguards screening
FM, procurement
Detailed workplan

14. Community-Managed Subproject Implementation
Participants:
Project committees & community members
Local government for technical assistance
Main implementing agencies for supervision and quality assurance

15. Community-Managed Subproject Implementation
Core Activities:
Organizational meeting of implementation committees
Training of community volunteers on operational guidelines (including FM, procurement and monitoring)
Subproject implementation per plan
Regular monitoring/reporting on subproject implementation status;
Quality assessment of completed subproject and preparation for turn-over

16. Community-based Monitoring
Participants:
Community Monitoring Committee
Core activities:
Organizational meeting and training of monitoring team
Facilitated regular preparation of reports
Comm volunteer reflection sessions on lessons learned
Feedback to assembly

17. Transition to next cycle
Updating of Village Development Plan using monitoring reports and experiential learnings from previous cycle as input
Integration of CDD in local systems/ process
Gradual transfer of roles from facilitators to community volunteers/ local government
Hand-over of SPs to CBOs or village government for O & M
Leadership/organizational development

18. Transition
A Community Facilitator's job is to increase the people's role and participation in community development and therefore decrease their need for him or her in the process.

19. Techniques to address common pitfalls
Elite capture
lack of facility/service as the “problem”
“Edifice complex”
CF study formal & informal social structures/sources of power
Criteria based Community Volunteer selection
Assurance of mentoring/coaching
Disqualify formal/political leaders from committee
Include performance indicator related to participation
Ensure sufficient skill/training on facilitating problem analysis
Use participatory tools (e.g. participatory rural assessment or PRA)
Prepare “negative” list
Preferential focus on basic services as part of program rule

20. Techniques to address common pitfalls
Collusion
Non-delivery of local counterpart contribution
Non-performing community facilitator
Spot checks/CSO monitoring
Grievance redress mechanism
Be clear about sanctions/penalties
Rules of disengagement
Include Local counterpart contribution as criteria for proceeding with subsequent cycles
Post/Publicize local community contribution
Output-based work plan
Spot check by supervisor
Peer evaluation