1. Vascular injury and concomitant long-bone fracture in war wounds
Jonathan Read Bear, MD, Patricia McKay, MD, George Nanos, MD, Mark Fleming, DO, Norman Rich, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 56, Issue 6, Pages (December 2012)
DOI: /j.jvs
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2. Fig 1
External immobilization in the combat zone was achieved in this patient by inserting a Steinmann pin into the tibial tubercle to assist in obtaining fracture immobilization. The Steinmann pin was then incorporated into the bivalved plaster cast.
Reprinted with permission from Rich et al.14 Copyright 1971, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
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3. Fig 2
Immobilization of fractures associated with vascular injuries is imperative. The wire splint seen on this radiograph provided temporary external immobilization for the fracture of the right midhumerus caused by a missile from a Claymore mine (seen in the low chest wall). More definitive external mobilization was performed with a plaster cast at the definitive treatment center.
Reprinted with permission from Rich.13
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
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4. Fig 3
In the hospitals in Vietnam it was possible to used balanced suspension as part of the method of external immobilization of fractures. This enemy soldier received treatment identical to that of American military casualties.
Reprinted with permission from Rich et al.14 Copyright 1971, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
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