1. Positions for Starting Exercises
Fundamental & Derived Positions

2. Fundamental & derived Positions
All these positions are usually described as the
starting positions from which exercises start.

3. Selection of The Starting Position
The following should be considered:
The ability of the pt. to assume the position.
The need to stabilize one segment of the body to permit safe & efficient movement. .
The use of gravity for assistance or resistance.
The presence of pain or discomfort ( the position. should be pain free to assure relaxation of the pt. .
The use of a short lever arm versus a long lever arm.

4. Lying ( supine or backlying )
Characteristics :
It is the easiest of the whole positions.
The body is fully supported with a wide base of support & low centre of gravity
( C.O.G.).

5. DERIVED POSITIONS FROM LYING
Prone lying ( face lying ).
2. Side lying.
3. Crook lying.

6. Sitting Characteristics :
It is a comfortable, natural & very stable position. The centre of gravity is low but near to the edge of the base of support which is the area between both the legs of the seat & the pt. feet.

7. Derived Positions from Sitting
Long sitting.
Forward lean sitting.

8. Kneeling Characteristics :
This position is unstable & difficult to maintain as the C.O.G. falls close to the edge of the base, which is the area of the legs only.

9. Derived Positions from Kneeling
Kneel sitting.
Prone kneeling ( cat pos., quadruped pos., four foot pos.)

10. Standing Characteristics :
The base of support is very small & the C.O.G. is high.

11. Derived Positions from Standing
Stride Standing.
Walk standing.