1. JDS International seminar 2018
Assessment of PM10 concentration and its sources in non heating season over Ulaanbaatar area
Student name: Jambaldorj Bayarmagnai Academic supervisor: Prof. Helmut Yabar
January 21, Tsukuba, Japan

2. Contents Introduction Study goal and objectives Study area
Air pollution sources
Methodology
Air quality monitoring results
Air pollution source affect on PM10 concentration
Future work

3. Background information: Air quality monitoring in Mongolia
40 stations in air quality monitoring network
In Ulaanbaatar 15 stations
Measuring up to 6 primary pollutants SO2, NOX, CO, O3, PM10, PM2.5 3

4. Background information: Air quality in Ulaanbaatar city /AQI/
AQI of daily average PM10 by month, %
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0%
"500+"
" "
" "
" "
"50-100"
"0-50"
AQI of daily average PM2.5 by month, %
100%
In non heating season PM2.5
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0%
concentration are much lower than heating season concentration and becoming lower than international and local standard levels but PM10
"500+"
" "
" "
" "
"50-100"
"0-50"
measured concentration are still
higher than standard. 4

5. Health effect of particulate matter pollution
According to office report. mortality is
WHO regional PM cause daily estimated to
increase by 0.2–0.6% per 10
µg/m3 of PM10.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increase in the long term risk of cardiopulmonary mortality by 6–13% per 10 µg/m3 of PM2.5
Source: American Lung Association 5

6. Study goal and objectives
Main goal
Make complete assessment about PM10 concentration and its sources in non heating season over Ulaanbaatar city and evaluate reduction efficiency of road and green infrastructure improvements
Objectives
Make analysis about dynamics of PM10 concentration in non heating season
Make land use map of Ulaanbaatar city central area and calculate green area dimension
Calculate total emission major air pollution sources in non heating season
Evaluate efficiency of PM10 reduction by improving green mass (trees) in Ulaanbaatar city. 6

7. Study area Ulaanbaatar city
Total area of central 6 district: 3523km2 In central 6 district: 1,311,251
Ulaanbaatar city 7

8. Major air pollution source in Ulaanbaatar city
Coal fired stoves and boilers
Types
~10kW
11-100kW
101kW~
Numbers
194,839
2,829
158
Vehicles
Types
Petrol
Diesel
Hybrid
Auto gas
Numbers
164168
88945
74532
11981
Total emission of PM10 by each source (ton)
Minor roads, 47
Major roads, 300
PP ash fonds, 712
Thermal power plants
Names
TPP #2
TPP #3
Amgalan TP
Numbers of boilers 5 13 8 3
Road dust,
coal fired small boilers, 192
Stoves,
Heating power plants,
HOB, 1041 8
Source: Annual report of ambient air quality in Data of air pollution source inventory of 2016.

9. Methodology
Mathematical and statistical analysis – to analyze PM10 hourly and daily concentration changes and correlation between weather elements. Statistical and dispersion models results can used to detect PM10 sources in each location
Remote sensing and geographical information system tools detect land surface condition and source location and suitability analysis to detect locations suitable for build new green infrastructures and road infrastructures
Modeling software for calculating air quality improvements after taking countermeasure. For example i-Tree tools to calculate pollution reduction by several scenarios to increase green infrastructure in Ulaanbaatar city , Mongolia .

10. Air quality monitoring data analyze results
Non heating season (May 1-Sep 30) average concentration of PM10 had exceeded from standard level in 4 stations and 29% of all measured 24 hour averages in non heating season was higher than standard (100µg/m3)
24 hour PM10 concentrations in non heating season
>100µg/m3 29%
PM10 24 hour concentration
during non heating season in Ulaanbaatar area
140
120
100 80 60 40 20
<100µg/m3 71%
µg/m3

11. Air pollution source affect on PM10 concentration
Simulation result of annual mean PM10 concentration shows affect of each air pollution sources by latitude.
100 ug/m3
ug/m3
250
200
150
100 50
h an 20 o 0 th
ut in o 0 da r
0 l
o ais 1 K r 1 uu o
S Z is at N
g e jin B
n T n 7
e e
T D
PP HOB CFWH
Stove MajorRoad MinorRoad RoadDust(MajorRoad) RoadDust(MinorRoadPaved) RoadDust(MinorRoadUnpaved) Fugitive Ash Sulfate Nitrate 50
South
Zaisan
120
Tengis Kino
Teatro
Denjin 1000
7 Buudal
North PP
RoadDust(MajorRoad) Fugitive Ash
MajorRoad RoadDust(MinorRoadPaved) Sulfate
MinorRoad RoadDust(MinorRoadUnpaved) Nitrate

12. Future work
Continue to make statistical analysis on monitoring data of PM10
Process land use map of Ulaanbaatar city and detect green area dimension in summer season
Make suitability analysis to find suitable locations for urban green infrastructure
Collect data for modeling analyze for calculate effect of urban green infrastructure on air quality . Calculate PM10 reduction percentage using several scenarios

13. References
Annual report on ambient air quality of Mongolia, year 2015, year National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring
Annual report on emission inventory Air Pollution Reduction Agency of Capital City
Final report of “Capacity Development Project for Air pollution control in Ulaanbaatar City Phase 2” Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Yearbook of statistics, National Statistical Office of Mongolia.
Mongolian statistical information service
American Lung Association website
i-Tree Tools for assessing managing forests and community trees

14. THANK YOU!