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Studies by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography of velocity fields downstream of graded stenoses on the abdominal aorta in pigs  W.Yong Kim, MD, Erik M. Pedersen,

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Presentation on theme: "Studies by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography of velocity fields downstream of graded stenoses on the abdominal aorta in pigs  W.Yong Kim, MD, Erik M. Pedersen,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Studies by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography of velocity fields downstream of graded stenoses on the abdominal aorta in pigs  W.Yong Kim, MD, Erik M. Pedersen, MD, Hans Nygaard, ME, Lars Sømod, MD, J.Michael Hasenkam, MD, DMSc  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages (March 1994) DOI: /S (94) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2 Fig. 1 Example of 84% smooth stenosis. a, Schematic illustration; b, arteriography. AA, Abdominal aorta; LRA, left renal artery. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3 Fig. 2 Five-element Doppler transducer for blood velocity measurements in plane perpendicular to flow axis by individually range-gated probes. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4 Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of measurement and signal analysis setup. a, Positions of blood velocity measurements; b, ensemble averaging and three-dimensional visualization of velocity fields; c, turbulence analysis by 20 Hz high-pass (HP) filtering. ANT, Anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5 Fig. 4 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles along anterior-posterior vessel diameter from unconstricted porcine abdominal aorta. X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

7 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

8 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

9 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

10 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

11 Fig. 5 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 60% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

12 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

13 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

14 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

15 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

16 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

17 Fig. 6 Three-dimensional visualization of ensemble averaged velocity profiles at 1, 2, and 3.5 Z/D downstream of smooth 75% stenosis (a). X axis, Time (milliseconds); Y axis, blood velocity (centimeters per second); Z axis, diameter of vessel (millimeters). b, Corresponding spatial distribution of RNS. X axis, Diameter of vessel (millimeters); Y axis, RNS (N/m−2); ANT, anterior vessel wall; POST, posterior vessel wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

18 Fig. 7 RNS (spatial mean values) at 2 Z/D downstream plotted as function of stenosis degree for all six pigs. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (94) ) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

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