1. Adding lactate to the prime solution during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: a quantitative acid–base analysis 
D. Himpe, H. Neels, S. De Hert, P. Van Cauwelaert 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages (April 2003)
DOI: /bja/aeg084
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Changes in (a) haemoglobin concentration (b) and colloid osmotic pressure expressed as mean±2 sem before (T1), during (T2) and at the end (T3) of CPB. A significant but similar haemodilution occurred in both groups (P<0.05, T2 and T3 compared with T1, not shown). Colloid osmotic pressure was well maintained over time, with no difference between groups.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeg084)
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Changes in lactate levels over time expressed as mean ±2 sem. At the start of hypothermic CPB (Ts), lactate was significantly more elevated in Group I (*P<0.05). Lactate levels also increased in Group II. After 40 min (T2) and at the end of CPB (T3), lactate levels in the two groups were in the same range and remained significantly elevated compared with baseline values (T1) (‡P<0.05).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeg084)
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Gamble diagrams illustrating the composition in mEq litre–1of positive and negative charges of serum ions before (T1) and by the end of bypass (T3). The total mEqs are slightly greater in both groups at T3, corresponding to the larger observed osmotic pressures. Significant within-group differences (‡P<0.05) over time in ionic composition are noted for both groups at T1 compared with T3. Significant differences in the global ionic composition between groups at T3 are also shown (*P<0.05). Details on individual ion levels are shown in Table 2.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeg084)
Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions