1. The Vikings

2. Who? Scandinavian raiders & farmers
Raided but also planted settlements and eventually blended in with the populations

3. When and why? Circa 800 CE – 1100 CE
Push factors: overpopulation at home, booty to be won abroad, warming global temperatures made northern sea travel easier.

4. 'Lo, it is nearly 350 years that we and our fathers have inhabited this most lovely land, and never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race, nor was it thought that such an inroad from the sea could be made. Behold the church of St Cuthbert spattered with the blood of the priests of God, despoiled of all its ornaments; a place more venerable than all in Britain is given as a prey to pagan peoples...'.
- Letter from Alcuin to Ethelred, king of Northumbria

5. Where? Mainly coastal areas Britain France (Normandy) North Africa
Russia and Byzantium
North America, Greenland, Iceland

7. Results? Caused chaos and fear short-term
Slowly converted to Christianity
Settled down and integrated