1. PETRA

2. The petra is :
originally known as Raqmu, is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. Petra lies on the slope of Jabal Al-Madbah in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah valley that run from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra is believed to have been settled as early as 9,000 BC, and it was possibly established in the 4th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra's proximity to the trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub

3. : Religious significance
The Nabataeans worshipped Arab gods and goddesses during the pre-Islamic era as well as a few of their deified kings. One, Obodas I, was deified after his death. Dushara was the primary male god accompanied by his three female deities: Al-‘Uzzá, Allat and Manāt. Many statues carved in the rock depict these gods and goddesses. New evidence indicates that broader Edomite, and Nabataean theology had strong links to Earth-Sun relationships, often manifested in the orientation of prominent Petra structures to equinox and solstice sunrises and sunsets.[42]
A stele dedicated to Qos-Allah 'Qos is Allah' or 'Qos the god', by Qosmilk (melech – king) is found at Petra (Glueck 516). Qos is identifiable with Kaush (Qaush) the God of the older Edomites. The stele is horned and the seal from the Edomite Tawilan near Petra identified with Kaush displays a star and crescent (Browning 28), both consistent with a moon deity. It is conceivable that the latter could have resulted from trade with Harran (Bartlett 194). There is continuing debate about the nature of Qos (qaus – bow) who has been identified both with a hunting bow (hunting god) and a rainbow (weather god) although the crescent above the stele is also a bow.

4. Archaeological sites inside Petra
Was discovered approximately 3,000 archaeological teachers in Petra, is a well-known landmarks, including about 800 teachers, including:
first : AL Siq :
Is the main road leading to the city of Petra. It is a rocky structure that is about 1200 meters long and has a width of meters and reaches a height of about 80 meters. Most of it is natural, in addition to another part carved by the Nabataeans. The cog ends on the opposite side of the safe.

5. Second, ALKHAZNA
The Al Khazna building consists of three rooms, two on the side and one in the center. The two side stones are empty except for a grave dug in the western chamber. The central chamber is a staircase with a length of 12.5 meters and on its three sides there are small burial chambers. On either side of the vault's exterior, small holes on either side of the upper half of the vault building may have been used to install the scaffolding during the sculpture process. At the top of the vault, there is a 90 cm channel for drainage and preventing it from descending on this façade. Modern excavations have cleaned this canal.

6. Third: The Court
It is a building consisting of a group of important facades, the first of which is the "tomb of the jar", dating back to the first half of the first century AD, and is located on the opposite side of the Nabataean. The facade is about 16 meters wide and 26 meters high. It consists of two floors of walls that support the basements below the level of the vault hall, which are integrated with burial chambers, part of which is carved and the other is built. There is a ladder that ascends to the burial ground at the top. The vault consists of a square shaped hall with a length of about 19 meters. The tombs were in the back of the cemetery, but were converted into a church in the fifth century AD. A Greek inscription mentions that the place was converted to a church in 447 and written on the left rear of the wall.

7. Today, Petra is a symbol of Jordan and the most attractive tourist destination in the Kingdom. It is also one of the most important tourist destinations for world leaders.

8. student work : Ruba Nasser Eddin Mahmoud Yasser  Ramadan
Under the supervision of teacher :
Ruba Nasser Eddin