1. Leishmania
Leishmania major
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania aethiopica

2. The sandfly (Phlebotomus) The sandfly is about 3 mm long.
Transmission
The sandfly (Phlebotomus)
The sandfly is about 3 mm long.

3. Life Cycle

5. Sign of Infection Recent Sandfly Bites?? Small, red sore/papule??
Leishmania
“Sufferin’ succotash. I’ve been sabotaged!!”

6. Infection Worsens
Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Cutaneous Scars
Jeepers!!!

7. Where Is Leishmania Located?
major: Dark Maroon
Africa
Middle East
Soviet Asia
tropica: Pink
Urban Middle East
India
aethiopica: Yellow
Ethiopia
Kenya

8. Leishmania major Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Found in sparsely inhabited regions.
Papule ulcerates quickly, has a short duration, contains few amasigotes
Most likely type to be found in canines

9. Leishmania tropica Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Found in more densely populated areas
It’s lesion is dry
Persist’s for month’s before ulcerating
Contains many amistigotes

10. Leishmania aethiopica
Old World Leishmania
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Kenya, Ethiopia

11. Preventing sandfly bites Insect repellent appropriate clothing
screening of windows
fine mesh netting around the bed
Public health measures to reduce sandfly population
Permethrin Aerosol
Citronella Lotion
“Varmint, I'm a-gonna blow you to smithereens!”
Deet

12. Further Prevention
Most cases heal without treatment, leaving the person immune to further infection.
Resistance to drugs has been reported
More toxic drugs—amphotericin
Require long treatment regimes
Becoming more ineffective
Impossible to control with single approach or tool.
Control depends on early detection and drug treatment
Mass vaccinations with controlled infections showed promising results…programs ended when it was discovered that parasites persisted in immune hosts.
Research is being done on mice for Leishmania major….influenced by another gene, Scl-1…controls healer and nonhealer phenotypes.

13. For Your Info. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is often confused with Leprosy
Leishmaniasis affects 88 countries worldwide
There are 23 species of Leishmania
Leishmaniasis is responsible for more than 80,000 deaths annually
Males are more commonly infected