1. Acids and Bases

2. Acids
An acid is compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
Naming acids
If anion ends in –ide, the acid name begins w/ hydro- and ends w/ -ic. Example HCl
Hydrochloric Acid
If anion ends in –ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion w/ the suffix –ous. Example H2SO3
Sulfurous Acid

3. Cont.
If the anion ends in –ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion w/ the suffix –ic. Example HNO3
Nitric Acid

4. Bases
A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
Naming bases
Bases are named the same as any other ionic compound. Example NaOH
Sodium hydroxide

5. Self-Ionization of Water
A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion is called hydronium (H3O+)
A water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion is called hydroxide (OH-)
H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH-(aq)

6. Cont.
The rxn in which 2 water molecules produce ions is called the self-ionization of water.
In pure water the concentration of hydrogen ions and the concentration of hydroxide ions are each 1.0 x 10-7 M
If H+ decreases, then OH- increases, and vice versa.

7. Ion-product Constant for WaterKw
Kw = [H+] x [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14M
When some substances dissolve in water they release hydrogen ions (Acids)
When some substances dissolve in water they release hydroxide ions (Bases)

8. pH
Ranges from 0-14, neutral is 7, 0 is strongly acidic, and 14 is strongly basic.
pH = -log [H+]
Example of neutral pH [H+] =
pH = -log (1 x 10-7M)
pH = 7.0

10. Measuring pH
Acid-Base indicators – indicators are acids or bases that undergo dissociation in a known pH range. When it undergoes dissociation there is a color change
Examples
Thymol blue
Bromthymol blue
Phenolphthalein
pH meters - record electric activity using a millivoltmeter.