1. The Age of
Exploration

2. Led to great economic and cultural changes
Motivation
Gold
Glory
God
Led to great economic and cultural changes
3G’s

3. Motivation
New trade routes Linked regions previously isolated World became interconnected Ideas, beliefs, products and tech. shared
Ex: crops, animals, the wheel, metallurgy, Christianity, languages

4. Negative Consequences
Indigenous people
1) War and Conquest
2) Diseases that killed millions
3) Cultural disruption and devastation

5. Negative Consequences
Europeans Rivalry
All sought after Gold, Glory, & God
Spain and Portugal were first to explore and settle

6. Portugal Sails Eastward
Goal: reach India and intercept the spice trade before it traveled through Muslim territory
Designed new ships - the caravel - prepared maps, and trained sailors in new navigational tools - astrolabe

7. Spain Sails West

8. Christopher Columbus
Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage
Sailed west to reach spice islands
Reached land on October 12.
Claimed discovered lands for Spain
Claim led to a huge Spanish empire

9. Cat-o-nine-tails

10. Christopher Columbus

12. End of 16th century other countries began to challenge and compete for trade wealth and land The Dutch, French and England all joined Spain and Portugal’s efforts

14. France
New France – territory stretched along the Mississippi River from Quebec in the North to Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico.

15. English and Dutch
English built their first colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
By late 1700s, the English had established 13 colonies
Dutch and Portuguese also established colonies in the New World

16. explorers

17. Commercial Revolution
Trade: New trade routes led to new opportunities in new lands Highly valued in Europe: Spices, silk gold & silver
So many changes came to Europe, and the economic impact was so great that it is called the Commercial Revolution

18. Commercial Revolution
Exploration: Europeans tried to find their own routes to the east either around the coast of Africa or across the Atlantic

19. Colonial Trade Colonies exported raw materials, such as wood and furs
European nations able to make goods out of raw materials
Colonies bought finished goods from Europe
The expansion was so large & quick, that old ways of doing business were inadequate
New methods of business organization, banking, accounting & insurance arose
New Industries rose

20. Mercantilism
Theory that a country’s power depends on its wealth in gold & silver
Balance of Trade- Exports vs. Imports
Colonies existed for the good of Mother Country
Fueled European rivalries in colonies
Created tension b/t Colonies/Mother Country
Exports
Imports

21. Mercantilism
Led to more opportunities for Europeans More companies created More jobs created - but wages still low More products available Standard of living improved
The expansion was so large & quick, that old ways of doing business were inadequate
New methods of business organization, banking, accounting & insurance arose
New Industries rose

22. The Columbian Exchange

23. Western Hemisphere
(New World)
Eastern Hemisphere
(Old World)

24. The Columbian Exchange
Definition: The worldwide EXCHANGE of previously isolated plants, animals, and diseases that resulted from the initial contacts between Europeans and Native
Also includes ideas, technology and belief

25. Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa
Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes (CHINA) * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE
* Syphilis
Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat )*Horse *Cattle
* Sheep * Pig
4. *WHEEL*
5. *Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping Cough

27. Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans began to bring enslaved Africans to work on sugarcane plantations
Encomienda System – Spanish settlers used Native Americans to labor on plantations. Many were abused & even worked to death

28. This began the process of Triangular Trade
“Middle Passage”

29. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

30. Slave Ship

31. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

32. The Slave Trade 1. Existed in Africa before the Europeans came
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans
Sugar cane & sugar plantations
3. Between 16c & 19c, million Africans shipped to the Americas
Most went to the Caribbean and South America

33. Abolishing Slavery 1. France abolished slavery in the 1790’s
2. Britain in 1833
3. U.S. in the 1860’s

34. TEACHER NOTES
LESSON 3

35. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

36. Effects of the Columbian Exchange
a. Both hemispheres were introduced to new foods and animals that changed entire societies
b. Potatoes and corn became major food sources for Europeans allowing populations to increase greatly
c. The introduction of pigs, cows, and horses gave new food sources and new animals for the Native Americans to use

37. Continued…
d. The diseases the Europeans brought killed up to 90% of the Native Americans in the New World
European conquest of the Native Americans was made easy by the effect disease had on the Natives who had no immunities to the diseases
e. Millions migrated or were forced to migrate as slaves
This changed demographics