1. Skin b – Hair and Nails Tutor – Gail Lowe
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2. Learning Objectives Structure of Nails Function of Nails
Nail disorders

3. Nail Hyponychium – skin at end of finger underneath free edge
Eponychium – attaches to nail plate and moves with it as the nail plate grows.
Nail Bed- Part of the nail that the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix
Nail Matrix - only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below the cuticle
Nail Plate - Visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge
Nail 3

4. Dermis Contains Hair Follicles Erector pili muscle Temperature control
Travel through epidermis & dermis
Erector pili muscle Temperature control
Pull hair upright trapping air
(goose pimples)

5. Nail Hyponychium – skin at end of finger underneath free edge
Eponychium – attaches to nail plate and moves with it as the nail plate grows.
Nail Bed- Part of the nail that the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix
Nail Matrix - only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below the cuticle
Nail Plate - Visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge

6. Nails Free Edge – extension of the nail plate
Paronychium – term for the soft tissue surrounding the border of the fingernail or toe nail.
Lunula – the crescent shaped white area at the proximal end
Nail Mantle - fold of skin in front of the cuticle. It protects the matrix.

7. Nails
Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis surrounding nail, which protects matrix
Nail Fold - means 'nearest attached end, soft tissue that protects the emerging nail plate
Nail Wall – skin that covers the sides of the nail plate
Nails take six months to grow

8. Factors affecting nail growth
Health
Age
Diet
Medication
Climate
Damage
Lifestyle

9. Nail Disorders Pitting Lines looks like a sewing thimble.
Can be linked to minor nail trauma or psoriasis
Ridges
vertical ridges in middle age
White Spots
common often caused by minor trauma
calcium or zinc deficiency

10. Nail Disorders Leuconychia
white nail syndrome can occur with arsenic poisoning, heart disease, renal failure, pneumonia
Onycholysis
separation of nail plate from nail bed
result of infection or long fingernails, inflammation.
Yellow Nails
due to lymphatic obstruction in cardio pulmonary disease

11. Nail Disorders Brown nails
can be linked to nicotine staining or chemotherapy
Koilonychias
nail curves upwards due to iron deficiency
Onychocryptosis
common condition, toenail penetrates through surrounding skin resulting in discomfort and pain
removal of injured part necessary

12. Nail Disorders Paronychia
affected nail folds become swollen and lifted above the nail
appears red and tender
Beau’s lines
ridges that go from side to side
transverse
temporary nail growth re illness
Onycholyosis
affects 10% of population
fungal infection of nail

13. Nail Disorders Curved or concave indication of health problems
Blue nails
reflects poor circulation
Whitlow
an infection of tip of finger

14. Nail Disorders Habit Tic
produces a series of transverse lines (Beau’s lines) indicating trauma to nail matrix as the nail is being formed
formed by habit
Tinea Ungium - Fungal
form of ringworm
disfiguring nails
Tinea Pedis – Fungal
Athletes foot
skin starts itchy and red, becoming white, painful and contagious

15. Learning Objectives
Structure of Hair
Diseases & Disorders 15

16. Types of hair growth 3 Types of Hair Lanugo Vellus Terminal
Hair is found all over body except for palms, soles, lips and external genitalia.
3 Types of Hair
Lanugo
Baby hair
Vellus
Fine down, hardly visible
Terminal
Thick long post puberty
Scalp; Eyebrows; Underarms; Legs
Men’s chests etc

17. Factors affecting hair growth
Hormones
Age
Colour
Stress
Medication
Health and diet
Medical conditions
Hereditary
Part of the body
Seasons
Race/origin

18. Hair Growth Cycle
There are 3 stages in the hair growth cycle and these are known as:
Anagen
active
Catagen
changing
Telogen
tired (resting)

19. Bacterial Folliculitis infection pilo-sebaceous duct inflammation
link to acne

20. Parasitical Infestation
Pediculosis Capitis
head lice
infect scalp hair and are common in children

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