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understanding The Reading Process Stacy Erwin, M. Ed
understanding The Reading Process Stacy Erwin, M.Ed., LDT, CALT Licensed Dyslexia Therapist
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Simple view of reading (Gough and Tunmer, 1986) Decoding (D) x Language Comprehension (LC) = Reading Comprehension (RC) D x LC = RC
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THE READING PROCESS READING COMPREHENSION FLUENCY PHONICS (WORD STUDY)
ORAL LANGUAGE & VOCABULARY READING COMPREHENSION FLUENCY PHONICS (WORD STUDY) PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS ALPHABET
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What Research Tells Us About Oral Language
Between 18 months and 6 years of age, children experience rapid growth in vocabulary acquiring as much as nine words a day (Carey, 1978) 50% of preschoolers and kindergarteners with language impairments are likely to have reading difficulties in reading in primary and secondary grades Proficiency in oral language provides children with a vital tool for thought. Without fluent and structured oral language, children will find it very difficult to think. Jerome Bruner (1983)
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How many words should teachers teach per day?
In 1st and 2nd grade, children need to learn 800+ words per year, about 2 per day. Children need to learn 2,000 to 3,000 new words each year from 3rd grade onward, about 6-8 per day. Research has shown that most typically developing children need to encounter a word 12 times before they know it. (Biemiller, Nagy, and Anderson)
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A Quick note on Alphabet intervention
Remember, this is a small piece of the puzzle for older students …
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Students should be able to …
write and speak alphabet in accurate order recognize upper and lower case letters write upper and lower case letters write the alphabet with fluency (under 1:00 minute) automatically recall letters out of order (missing letter deck) alphabetize fluently use the dictionary quickly and effectively
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Pre and post assessments
Time student as he/she writes the alphabet in lower case. Time student as he/she says the alphabet – no singing. Check to see if student can identify both capital and lower case letters. Check to see if students know the sounds of letters and letter combinations.
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Alphabet interventions
Alphabet strips and arcs Alphabet letter tiles Alphabet games with the letter tiles Missing letter deck and worksheets Alphabetizing worksheets *** Instruction needs to be sequential in skill, deliberate and repetitive. ***
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A quick note on Phonological awareness intervention
Remember, this is a small piece of the puzzle for older students … A quick note on Phonological awareness intervention
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What is phonological awareness?
Phonological awareness is a child’s ability to identify and manipulate units of oral language – phonemes in words, syllables, and rimes. Phonological awareness is an important predictor of later reading ability. (
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Students should be able to …
Identify initial, medial and final sounds in a word Blend phonemes into words Segment words into phonemes Substitute, add, and delete phonemes in words Produce rhymes
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Pre and post assessments
Use an assessment where YOU are listening to the child. Phonological Awareness Skills Test (PAST) TPRI Literary Resources, Inc. screener Saxon Phonics *** Lots of resources are available online.***
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interventions Lots and lots of word play games!
FCCR – Florida Center for Reading Readiness Sounds Abound
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